Samarium vs Americium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Sm
Am
Group Number
Not Available
Not Available
Period Number
6
7
Block
f block
f block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Actinide
CAS Number
7440199
99+
7440359
99+
Space Group Name
R_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
166.00
6
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Samarium metals helps stimulating body metabolism.
- Samarium metals was 1st observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Dydimia in 1853.
- Americium metal is produced by bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons.
- Americium metal was discovered as a by-product while testing an atomic bomb (Manhattan Project).
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Obtained By Bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons
History
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso
Discovery
In 1879
In 1944
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %
19
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
37
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
29
Not Available
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
40
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Magnets of Samarium cobalt alloy are stronger than that of Iron and hence, they are used in microwave application.
- Samarium metal also used in optical lasers and infrared absorbing glasses and as a neutron absorber.
- Americium metal is used in smoke detection alarms.
- In the future, this metal has a potential to be used in batteries of spacecrafts.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Slightly Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
22
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
In Bone
Not Available
0.00 p.p.m.
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,072.00 °C
99+
994.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,900.00 °C
99+
2,607.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Lustrous
NA
Hardness
Brinell Hardness
441.00 MPa
27
Not Available
Vickers Hardness
412.00 MPa
24
Not Available
Speed of Sound
2,130.00 m/s
99+
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sm
Am
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
30
9
16
23
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.17
40
1.30
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07
32
1.20
27
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.83
14
2.70
22
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol
99+
578.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,070.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,158.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,260.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,132.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
3,990.00 kJ/mol
37
3,493.00 kJ/mol
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.87 g/amp-hr
34
3.02 g/amp-hr
17
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV
99+
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
62
99+
95
23
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f6 6s2
[Rn] 5f7 7s2
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Samarium.jpg#100
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Americium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
62
99+
95
23
Number of Neutrons
88
39
148
12
Number of Electrons
62
99+
95
23
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm
14
173.00 pm
21
Covalent Radius
198.00 pm
13
180.00 pm
21
Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm
20
244.00 pm
10
Atomic Weight
150.36 amu
99+
243.00 amu
20
Atomic Volume
19.95 cm3/mol
19
17.86 cm3/mol
29
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
44.80 (-eV)
37
44.00 (-eV)
40
Lattice Constant
362.10 pm
33
346.81 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.52 g/cm3
99+
12.00 g/cm3
30
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.16 g/cm3
32
Not Available
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.94 (Pa)
9
0.00 (Pa)
13
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
19.50 GPa
34
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
37.80 GPa
35
Not Available
Young's Modulus
49.70 GPa
37
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
0.27
19
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.52
99+
13.67
15
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Unknown
Resistivity
0.94 nΩ·m
99+
0.69 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Not Available
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)
31
0.11 J/(kg K)
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
29.54 J/mol·K
7
62.70 J/mol·K
1
Thermal Conductivity
13.30 W/m·K
99+
10.00 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
12.70 µm/(m·K)
30
Not Available
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
166.40 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.62 kJ/mol
40
14.39 kJ/mol
24
Enthalpy of Atomization
209.00 kJ/mol
99+
268.00 kJ/mol
40
Standard Molar Entropy
69.60 J/mol.K
15
Not Available
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