Barium Niobium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ba
Nb
Group Number
2
16
5
13
Period Number
6
5
Block
s block
d block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440393
99+
7440031
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00
1
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Barium oxidizes very easily in the air.
- All toxic compounds of Barium can easily dissolve in water.
- Barium carbonate is used to produce a Rat poison and its other compound Barium nitrate is used in fireworks to produce green color.
- Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
- Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Charles Hatchett
Discovery
In 1772
In 1801
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %
16
2 * 10-7 %
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %
18
~0.0000004 %
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
20
0.00 %
35
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.03 %
11
0.00 %
25
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
8
0.00 %
34
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
12
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is sued in chemical paint manufacturing and glass manufacturing.
- Compounds of this metal are toxic; but still the barium sulfate is insoluble and given to patients suffering from digestive disorder.
- Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
- It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.07 Blood/mg dm-3
15
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
25
In Bone
70.00 p.p.m.
9
0.07 p.p.m.
25
Physical Properties
Melting Point
725.00 °C
99+
2,468.00 °C
6
Boiling Point
1,140.00 °C
99+
2,468.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Gray
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.25
19
6.00
6
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
735.00 MPa
14
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
870.00 MPa
12
Speed of Sound
1,620.00 m/s
99+
3,480.00 m/s
21
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ba
Nb
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
37
2
17
22
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.89
99+
1.60
23
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.68
28
1.42
16
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97
38
1.23
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.88
22
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
0.88
99+
1.41
31
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.11
4
2.40
31
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol
99+
652.10 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
965.20 kJ/mol
99+
1,380.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,600.00 kJ/mol
14
2,416.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
3,700.00 kJ/mol
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available
4,877.00 kJ/mol
36
6th Energy Level
Not Available
9,847.00 kJ/mol
11
7th Energy level
Not Available
12,100.00 kJ/mol
14
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.56 g/amp-hr
20
0.69 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV
99+
4.30 eV
18
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
56
99+
41
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2
[Kr] 4d4 5s1
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
56
99+
41
99+
Number of Neutrons
81
99+
52
99+
Number of Electrons
56
99+
41
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
222.00 pm
4
146.00 pm
35
Covalent Radius
215.00 pm
5
164.00 pm
28
Van der Waals Radius
268.00 pm
6
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
137.33 amu
99+
92.91 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
39.24 cm3/mol
5
10.87 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
21.30 (-eV)
99+
104.00 (-eV)
8
Lattice Constant
502.80 pm
15
330.04 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
3.51 g/cm3
99+
8.57 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
3.34 g/cm3
99+
Not Available
Tensile Strength
Not Available
330.00 MPa
12
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
7.11 (Pa)
6
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
27
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
4.90 GPa
99+
38.00 GPa
19
Bulk Modulus
9.60 GPa
99+
170.00 GPa
10
Young's Modulus
13.00 GPa
99+
105.00 GPa
20
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.40
4
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
3.62
99+
8.57
37
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Superconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
332.00 nΩ·m
13
152.00 nΩ·m
23
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω
40
0.07 106/cm Ω
28
Electron Affinity
13.95 kJ/mol
36
86.10 kJ/mol
12
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)
30
0.26 J/(kg K)
20
Molar Heat Capacity
28.07 J/mol·K
12
24.60 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
18.40 W/m·K
99+
53.70 W/m·K
29
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
20.60 µm/(m·K)
22
7.30 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
140.00 kJ/mol
99+
696.60 kJ/mol
4
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol
99+
27.20 kJ/mol
6
Enthalpy of Atomization
175.70 kJ/mol
99+
745.00 kJ/mol
4
Standard Molar Entropy
62.50 J/mol.K
20
36.40 J/mol.K
99+
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