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Barium vs Niobium

Barium
Niobium
Niobium vs Barium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ba  
Nb  
Group Number
2  
16
5  
13
Period Number
6  
5  
Block
s block  
d block  
Element Family
Alkaline Earth  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440393  
99+
7440031  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Barium oxidizes very easily in the air.
  • All toxic compounds of Barium can easily dissolve in water.
  • Barium carbonate is used to produce a Rat poison and its other compound Barium nitrate is used in fireworks to produce green color.
  
  • Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
  • Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele  
Charles Hatchett  
Discovery
In 1772  
In 1801  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
17
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
18
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
20
0.00 %  
35
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.03 %  
11
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
8
0.00 %  
34
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
13
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is sued in chemical paint manufacturing and glass manufacturing.
  • Compounds of this metal are toxic; but still the barium sulfate is insoluble and given to patients suffering from digestive disorder.
  
  • Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
  • It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.07 Blood/mg dm-3  
15
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
25
In Bone
70.00 p.p.m.  
9
0.07 p.p.m.  
30
Physical
Melting Point
725.00 °C  
99+
2,468.00 °C  
6
Boiling Point
1,140.00 °C  
99+
2,468.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray  
Gray  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.25  
20
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
130.00 MPa  
99+
735.00 MPa  
15
Vickers Hardness
210.00 MPa  
99+
870.00 MPa  
19
Speed of Sound
1,620.00 m/s  
99+
3,480.00 m/s  
31
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.47  
38
2.30  
8
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ba  
Nb  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
37  
2
17  
22
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.89  
99+
1.60  
24
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.68  
99+
1.42  
20
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97  
39
1.23  
26
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.88  
99+
1.60  
22
Allen Electronegativity
0.88  
99+
1.41  
35
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.11  
4
2.40  
31
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
965.20 kJ/mol  
99+
1,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,600.00 kJ/mol  
14
2,416.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol  
99+
3,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,877.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9,847.00 kJ/mol  
17
7th Energy level
5,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,100.00 kJ/mol  
14
8th Energy Level
5,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
691.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
50,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
65,200.00 kJ/mol  
35
16th Energy Level
50,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
37
19th Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
502.00 kJ/mol  
99+
652.00 kJ/mol  
38
21st Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
502.00 kJ/mol  
99+
694.00 kJ/mol  
30
23rd Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol  
99+
4,490.00 kJ/mol  
30
24th Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
33
25th Energy Level
503.00 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
35
26th Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
34
27th Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
35
28th Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
40
29th Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
503.00 kJ/mol  
99+
652.00 kJ/mol  
37
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.56 g/amp-hr  
24
0.69 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV  
99+
4.30 eV  
25
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
56  
99+
41  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2  
[Kr] 4d4 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
56  
99+
41  
99+
Number of Neutrons
81  
99+
52  
99+
Number of Electrons
56  
99+
41  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
222.00 pm  
5
146.00 pm  
37
Covalent Radius
215.00 pm  
5
164.00 pm  
30
Van der Waals Radius
268.00 pm  
8
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
137.33 amu  
99+
92.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
39.24 cm3/mol  
6
10.87 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cesium
  
Zirconium
  
Next Element
Lanthanum
  
Molybdenum
  
Valence Electron Potential
21.30 (-eV)  
99+
104.00 (-eV)  
8
Lattice Constant
502.80 pm  
17
330.04 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
99+
1.47  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
3.51 g/cm3  
99+
8.57 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
3.34 g/cm3  
99+
8.57 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
55.00 MPa  
37
330.00 MPa  
14
Viscosity
0.00  
2
0.00  
22
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
7.11 (Pa)  
6
0.00 (Pa)  
16
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
36
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
4.90 GPa  
99+
38.00 GPa  
20
Bulk Modulus
9.60 GPa  
99+
170.00 GPa  
10
Young's Modulus
13.00 GPa  
99+
105.00 GPa  
22
Poisson Ratio
0.22  
31
0.40  
4
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
3.62  
99+
8.57  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
15
0.00 H/m  
4
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
30
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
332.00 nΩ·m  
13
152.00 nΩ·m  
23
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.07 106/cm Ω  
33
Electron Affinity
13.95 kJ/mol  
99+
86.10 kJ/mol  
14
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)  
31
0.26 J/(kg K)  
20
Molar Heat Capacity
28.07 J/mol·K  
15
24.60 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
18.40 W/m·K  
99+
53.70 W/m·K  
29
Critical Temperature
1,000.00 K  
99+
2,750.00 K  
7
Thermal Expansion
20.60 µm/(m·K)  
24
7.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
140.00 kJ/mol  
99+
696.60 kJ/mol  
5
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol  
99+
27.20 kJ/mol  
6
Enthalpy of Atomization
175.70 kJ/mol  
99+
745.00 kJ/mol  
4
Standard Molar Entropy
62.50 J/mol.K  
25
36.40 J/mol.K  
99+
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