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Niobium vs Manganese

Niobium
Manganese
Manganese vs Niobium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Nb  
Mn  
Group Number
5  
13
7  
11
Period Number
5  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440031  
99+
7439965  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
I_ 43m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
217.00  
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
  • Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
  
  • Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
  • Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.
  
Sources
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Charles Hatchett  
Johann Gottlieb Gahn  
Discovery
In 1801  
In 1774  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
9
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
8
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
35
0.27 %  
8
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
25
0.11 %  
8
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
34
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
  • It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
  
  • This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
  • Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
25
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3  
14
In Bone
0.07 p.p.m.  
30
100.00 p.p.m.  
8
Physical
Melting Point
2,468.00 °C  
6
1,245.00 °C  
37
Boiling Point
2,468.00 °C  
99+
1,962.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
735.00 MPa  
15
196.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
870.00 MPa  
19
196.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,480.00 m/s  
31
5,150.00 m/s  
11
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.30  
8
2.00  
15
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Nb  
Mn  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
17  
22
21  
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.60  
24
1.55  
26
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.42  
20
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23  
26
1.60  
10
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.60  
22
1.55  
23
Allen Electronegativity
1.41  
35
1.75  
18
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.40  
31
2.45  
29
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
717.30 kJ/mol  
30
2nd Energy Level
1,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,509.00 kJ/mol  
40
3rd Energy Level
2,416.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,248.00 kJ/mol  
21
4th Energy Level
3,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,940.00 kJ/mol  
30
5th Energy Level
4,877.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,990.00 kJ/mol  
29
6th Energy Level
9,847.00 kJ/mol  
17
9,220.00 kJ/mol  
22
7th Energy level
12,100.00 kJ/mol  
14
11,500.00 kJ/mol  
16
8th Energy Level
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18,770.00 kJ/mol  
5
9th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21,400.00 kJ/mol  
6
10th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23,960.00 kJ/mol  
9
11th Energy Level
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27,590.00 kJ/mol  
10
12th Energy Level
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30,330.00 kJ/mol  
32
13th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
33,150.00 kJ/mol  
11
14th Energy Level
691.00 kJ/mol  
99+
38,880.00 kJ/mol  
10
15th Energy Level
65,200.00 kJ/mol  
35
41,987.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
109,480.00 kJ/mol  
1
17th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
118,100.00 kJ/mol  
2
18th Energy Level
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
37
127,100.00 kJ/mol  
3
19th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
138,600.00 kJ/mol  
4
20th Energy Level
652.00 kJ/mol  
38
148,500.00 kJ/mol  
6
21st Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
158,600.00 kJ/mol  
6
22nd Energy Level
694.00 kJ/mol  
30
172,500.00 kJ/mol  
5
23rd Energy Level
4,490.00 kJ/mol  
30
181,380.00 kJ/mol  
5
24th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
33
650.90 kJ/mol  
34
25th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
35
717.30 kJ/mol  
24
26th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
34
650.90 kJ/mol  
35
27th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
35
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
28th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
40
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
652.00 kJ/mol  
37
650.90 kJ/mol  
38
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.29 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV  
25
4.10 eV  
32
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
41  
99+
25  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d4 5s1  
[Ar] 3d5 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
41  
99+
25  
99+
Number of Neutrons
52  
99+
30  
99+
Number of Electrons
41  
99+
25  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
146.00 pm  
37
127.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
164.00 pm  
30
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
92.91 amu  
99+
54.94 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
10.87 cm3/mol  
99+
1.39 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Zirconium
  
Chromium
  
Next Element
Molybdenum
  
Iron
  
Valence Electron Potential
104.00 (-eV)  
8
220.00 (-eV)  
2
Lattice Constant
330.04 pm  
99+
891.25 pm  
1
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.47  
99+
1.55  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.57 g/cm3  
99+
7.21 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.57 g/cm3  
99+
5.95 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa  
14
370.00 MPa  
11
Viscosity
0.00  
22
0.00  
2
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
12
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
36
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
38.00 GPa  
20
40.00 GPa  
19
Bulk Modulus
170.00 GPa  
10
120.00 GPa  
14
Young's Modulus
105.00 GPa  
22
198.00 GPa  
13
Poisson Ratio
0.40  
4
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.57  
99+
7.21  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
4
0.00 H/m  
7
Susceptibility
0.00  
30
0.00  
12
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
152.00 nΩ·m  
23
1.44 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω  
33
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
86.10 kJ/mol  
14
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.26 J/(kg K)  
20
0.48 J/(kg K)  
11
Molar Heat Capacity
24.60 J/mol·K  
99+
26.32 J/mol·K  
37
Thermal Conductivity
53.70 W/m·K  
29
7.81 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
2,750.00 K  
7
1,519.00 K  
40
Thermal Expansion
7.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
21.70 µm/(m·K)  
22
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
696.60 kJ/mol  
5
219.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
27.20 kJ/mol  
6
14.64 kJ/mol  
25
Enthalpy of Atomization
745.00 kJ/mol  
4
280.30 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
36.40 J/mol.K  
99+
32.00 J/mol.K  
99+
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