1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
2.2 Period Number
2.6 Block
2.7 Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Lanthanide
2.8 CAS Number
74403937440199
7429905
54386242
2.9 Space Group Name
2.10 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Barium oxidizes very easily in the air.
- All toxic compounds of Barium can easily dissolve in water.
- Barium carbonate is used to produce a Rat poison and its other compound Barium nitrate is used in fireworks to produce green color.
- Samarium metals helps stimulating body metabolism.
- Samarium metals was 1st observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Dydimia in 1853.
3.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %5 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
3.5.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %~0.0000001 %
1E-08
0.1
4.1.2 Abundance In Meteorites
4.1.6 Abundance In Earth's Crust
4.2.1 Abundance In Oceans
4.3.3 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- It is sued in chemical paint manufacturing and glass manufacturing.
-
Compounds of this metal are toxic; but still the barium sulfate is insoluble and given to patients suffering from digestive disorder.
- Magnets of Samarium cobalt alloy are stronger than that of Iron and hence, they are used in microwave application.
- Samarium metal also used in optical lasers and infrared absorbing glasses and as a neutron absorber.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
5.1.2 Medical Uses
5.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
0.07 Blood/mg dm-30.01 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
5.4.1 In Bone
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
725.00 °C1,072.00 °C
27
3410
6.3 Boiling Point
1,140.00 °C1,900.00 °C
147
5660
8.3 Appearance
8.3.1 Physical State
8.3.2 Color
Silvery Gray
Silvery White
8.3.3 Luster
8.4 Hardness
8.4.1 Mohs Hardness
8.5.1 Brinell Hardness
8.8.1 Vickers Hardness
8.11 Speed of Sound
1,620.00 m/s2,130.00 m/s
818
16200
8.13 Optical Properties
8.13.1 Refractive Index
8.14.2 Reflectivity
8.15 Allotropes
8.15.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.15.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.15.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9 Chemical
9.1 Chemical Formula
9.2 Isotopes
9.2.1 Known Isotopes
9.3 Electronegativity
9.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
9.3.4 Sanderson Electronegativity
9.5.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
10.1.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
10.1.5 Allen Electronegativity
10.2 Electropositivity
10.2.1 Pauling Electropositivity
10.4 Ionization Energies
10.4.1 1st Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol544.50 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
10.4.2 2nd Energy Level
965.20 kJ/mol1,070.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
10.4.4 3rd Energy Level
3,600.00 kJ/mol2,260.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
10.4.6 4th Energy Level
NA3,990.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
11.1.1 5th Energy Level
11.1.2 6th Energy Level
11.2.1 7th Energy level
11.3.1 8th Energy Level
11.3.2 9th Energy Level
11.4.1 10th Energy Level
11.5.1 11th Energy Level
11.5.2 12th Energy Level
11.6.2 13th Energy Level
11.6.4 14th Energy Level
11.6.6 15th Energy Level
11.6.7 16th Energy Level
11.7.1 17th Energy Level
11.7.2 18th Energy Level
11.7.3 19th Energy Level
11.7.4 20th Energy Level
11.7.5 21st Energy Level
11.7.6 22nd Energy Level
11.7.7 23rd Energy Level
11.7.8 24th Energy Level
11.7.9 25th Energy Level
11.7.10 26th Energy Level
1.2.4 27th Energy Level
1.2.5 28th Energy Level
1.2.7 29th Energy Level
1.2.8 30th Energy Level
1.3 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.56 g/amp-hr1.87 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
1.2 Electron Work Function
1.5 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
2 Atomic
2.1 Atomic Number
2.2 Electron Configuration
2.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Rhombohedral (RHO)
2.3.1 Crystal Lattice
2.4 Atom
2.4.1 Number of Protons
2.4.3 Number of Neutrons
1.2.2 Number of Electrons
1.5 Radius of an Atom
1.5.1 Atomic Radius
222.00 pm180.00 pm
112
265
1.5.3 Covalent Radius
215.00 pm198.00 pm
96
260
1.8.1 Van der Waals Radius
268.00 pm229.00 pm
139
348
1.9 Atomic Weight
137.33 amu150.36 amu
6.94
294
1.2 Atomic Volume
39.24 cm3/mol19.95 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
1.4 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
1.4.1 Previous Element
1.4.2 Next Element
1.5 Valence Electron Potential
21.30 (-eV)44.80 (-eV)
8
392.42
1.8 Lattice Constant
502.80 pm362.10 pm
228.58
891.25
1.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
1.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
2 Mechanical
2.1 Density
2.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
3.51 g/cm37.52 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
2.4.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
3.34 g/cm37.16 g/cm3
0.512
20
1.2 Tensile Strength
1.4 Viscosity
1.8 Vapor Pressure
1.8.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
7.11 (Pa)0.94 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
1.8.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
1.9 Elasticity properties
1.9.1 Shear Modulus
4.90 GPa19.50 GPa
1.3
222
1.9.4 Bulk Modulus
9.60 GPa37.80 GPa
1.6
462
1.9.5 Young's Modulus
13.00 GPa49.70 GPa
1.7
528
1.3 Poisson Ratio
1.5 Other Mechanical Properties
2 Magnetic
2.1 Magnetic Characteristics
2.1.1 Specific Gravity
2.3.1 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
2.3.2 Permeability
2.7.2 Susceptibility
2.13 Electrical Properties
2.13.1 Electrical Property
2.13.2 Resistivity
332.00 nΩ·m0.94 nΩ·m
0.18
961
3.4.2 Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
3.4.4 Electron Affinity
13.95 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
4 Thermal
4.1 Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)0.20 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
4.2 Molar Heat Capacity
28.07 J/mol·K29.54 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
4.4 Thermal Conductivity
18.40 W/m·K13.30 W/m·K
6.3
429
1.4 Critical Temperature
2.4 Thermal Expansion
20.60 µm/(m·K)12.70 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
3.2 Enthalpy
3.2.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
140.00 kJ/mol166.40 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
3.5.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol8.62 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
3.8.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
175.70 kJ/mol209.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
3.9 Standard Molar Entropy
62.50 J/mol.K69.60 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1