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Barium vs Aluminium

Barium
Aluminium
Aluminium vs Barium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ba   
Al   
Group Number
2   
16
13   
5
Period Number
6   
3   
Block
s block   
p block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440393   
99+
7429905   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Barium oxidizes very easily in the air.
  • All toxic compounds of Barium can easily dissolve in water.
  • Barium carbonate is used to produce a Rat poison and its other compound Barium nitrate is used in fireworks to produce green color.
  
  • Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
  • Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
  • It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele   
Hans Christian Oersted   
Discovery
In 1772   
In 1825   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
5 * 10-3 %   
5
Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %   
18
~0.006 %   
5
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
20
0.91 %   
5
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.03 %   
11
8.10 %   
1
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
8
0.00 %   
6
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
12
0.00 %   
10
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is sued in chemical paint manufacturing and glass manufacturing.
  • Compounds of this metal are toxic; but still the barium sulfate is insoluble and given to patients suffering from digestive disorder.
  
  • Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.07 Blood/mg dm-3   
15
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3   
9
In Bone
70.00 p.p.m.   
9
27.00 p.p.m.   
11
Physical Properties
Melting Point
725.00 °C   
99+
660.37 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,140.00 °C   
99+
2,467.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Silvery Gray   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.25   
19
2.75   
13
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
160.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
160.00 MPa   
35
Speed of Sound
1,620.00 m/s   
99+
5,000.00 m/s   
10
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
71.00 %   
10
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ba   
Al   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
37   
2
11   
27
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.89   
99+
1.61   
22
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.68   
28
1.71   
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97   
38
1.47   
14
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.88   
22
1.83   
8
Allen Electronegativity
0.88   
99+
1.61   
20
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.11   
4
2.39   
32
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol   
99+
577.50 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
965.20 kJ/mol   
99+
1,816.70 kJ/mol   
19
3rd Energy Level
3,600.00 kJ/mol   
14
2,744.80 kJ/mol   
38
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
11,577.00 kJ/mol   
3
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
14,842.00 kJ/mol   
2
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
18,379.00 kJ/mol   
2
7th Energy level
Not Available   
23,326.00 kJ/mol   
2
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
27,465.00 kJ/mol   
2
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
31,853.00 kJ/mol   
2
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
38,473.00 kJ/mol   
4
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
42,647.00 kJ/mol   
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.56 g/amp-hr   
20
0.34 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV   
99+
4.28 eV   
19
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
56   
99+
13   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2   
[Ne] 3s2 3p1   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
56   
99+
13   
99+
Number of Neutrons
81   
99+
14   
99+
Number of Electrons
56   
99+
13   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
222.00 pm   
4
143.00 pm   
37
Covalent Radius
215.00 pm   
5
121.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
268.00 pm   
6
184.00 pm   
34
Atomic Weight
137.33 amu   
99+
26.98 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
39.24 cm3/mol   
5
10.00 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cesium
  
Magnesium
  
Next Element
Lanthanum
  
Potassium
  
Valence Electron Potential
21.30 (-eV)   
99+
80.70 (-eV)   
17
Lattice Constant
502.80 pm   
15
404.95 pm   
22
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
3.51 g/cm3   
99+
2.70 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
3.34 g/cm3   
99+
2.38 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
40.00 MPa   
19
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
7.11 (Pa)   
6
0.00 (Pa)   
18
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
4.90 GPa   
99+
26.00 GPa   
29
Bulk Modulus
9.60 GPa   
99+
76.00 GPa   
18
Young's Modulus
13.00 GPa   
99+
70.00 GPa   
28
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.35   
9
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
3.62   
99+
2.72   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
4
Susceptibility
Not Available   
0.00   
3
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
332.00 nΩ·m   
13
28.20 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω   
40
0.38 106/cm Ω   
4
Electron Affinity
13.95 kJ/mol   
36
42.50 kJ/mol   
26
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)   
30
0.90 J/(kg K)   
5
Molar Heat Capacity
28.07 J/mol·K   
12
24.20 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
18.40 W/m·K   
99+
237.00 W/m·K   
4
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
20.60 µm/(m·K)   
22
23.10 µm/(m·K)   
17
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
140.00 kJ/mol   
99+
293.70 kJ/mol   
31
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol   
99+
10.67 kJ/mol   
35
Enthalpy of Atomization
175.70 kJ/mol   
99+
322.20 kJ/mol   
31
Standard Molar Entropy
62.50 J/mol.K   
20
28.30 J/mol.K   
99+
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