Berkelium Aluminium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Bk
Al
Group Number
Not Available
13
5
Period Number
7
3
Block
f block
p block
Element Family
Actinide
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440406
99+
7429905
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
- Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
- Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
- Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
- It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
Sources
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Hans Christian Oersted
Discovery
In 1949
In 1825
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
5 * 10-3 %
5
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.006 %
5
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.91 %
5
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
8.10 %
1
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
6
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
10
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
- Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
NA
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Unknown
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3
9
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
36
27.00 p.p.m.
11
Physical Properties
Melting Point
986.00 °C
99+
660.37 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,627.00 °C
40
2,467.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silvery Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
2.75
13
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
160.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
160.00 MPa
35
Speed of Sound
Not Available
5,000.00 m/s
10
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
71.00 %
10
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Bk
Al
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
14
25
11
27
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30
32
1.61
22
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
1.71
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20
27
1.47
14
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.83
8
Allen Electronegativity
2.70
1
1.61
20
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70
22
2.39
32
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol
99+
577.50 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,816.70 kJ/mol
19
3rd Energy Level
2,152.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,744.80 kJ/mol
38
4th Energy Level
3,434.00 kJ/mol
99+
11,577.00 kJ/mol
3
5th Energy Level
Not Available
14,842.00 kJ/mol
2
6th Energy Level
Not Available
18,379.00 kJ/mol
2
7th Energy level
Not Available
23,326.00 kJ/mol
2
8th Energy Level
Not Available
27,465.00 kJ/mol
2
9th Energy Level
Not Available
31,853.00 kJ/mol
2
10th Energy Level
Not Available
38,473.00 kJ/mol
4
11th Energy Level
Not Available
42,647.00 kJ/mol
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.07 g/amp-hr
16
0.34 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available
4.28 eV
19
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
97
21
13
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f9 7s2
[Ne] 3s2 3p1
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Berkelium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
97
21
13
99+
Number of Neutrons
150
11
14
99+
Number of Electrons
97
21
13
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
170.00 pm
22
143.00 pm
37
Covalent Radius
Not Available
121.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available
184.00 pm
34
Atomic Weight
247.00 amu
18
26.98 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
Not Available
10.00 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
45.50 (-eV)
36
80.70 (-eV)
17
Lattice Constant
341.60 pm
99+
404.95 pm
22
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
14.78 g/cm3
22
2.70 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.25 g/cm3
11
2.38 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
40.00 MPa
19
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
18
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
26.00 GPa
29
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
76.00 GPa
18
Young's Modulus
Not Available
70.00 GPa
28
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.35
9
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
14.00
14
2.72
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
Not Available
0.00 H/m
4
Susceptibility
Not Available
0.00
3
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
Not Available
28.20 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available
0.38 106/cm Ω
4
Electron Affinity
Not Available
42.50 kJ/mol
26
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available
0.90 J/(kg K)
5
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available
24.20 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K
99+
237.00 W/m·K
4
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
Not Available
23.10 µm/(m·K)
17
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
293.70 kJ/mol
31
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available
10.67 kJ/mol
35
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available
322.20 kJ/mol
31
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
28.30 J/mol.K
99+
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