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Berkelium vs Cerium

Berkelium
Cerium
Cerium vs Berkelium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Bk   
Ce   
Group Number
Not Available   
Not Available   
Period Number
7   
6   
Block
f block   
f block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Lanthanide   
CAS Number
7440406   
99+
7440451   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
    Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
  
  • Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
  • It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
  • Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
  
Sources
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger   
Discovery
In 1949   
In 1803   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000004 %   
23
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
27
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.01 %   
18
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
33
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
  
  • It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
  • Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Medical Research   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Unknown   
Moderately Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
30
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
2.70 p.p.m.   
14
Physical Properties
Melting Point
986.00 °C   
99+
795.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,627.00 °C   
40
3,257.00 °C   
23
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
Lustrous   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
2.50   
14
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
186.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
210.00 MPa   
32
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
2,100.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Bk   
Ce   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
14   
25
30   
9
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
1.12   
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20   
27
1.08   
31
Allen Electronegativity
2.70   
1
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
2.88   
11
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol   
99+
534.40 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,152.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,949.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,434.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,547.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,325.00 kJ/mol   
22
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,490.00 kJ/mol   
21
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.07 g/amp-hr   
16
1.74 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
2.84 eV   
39
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
97   
21
58   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f9 7s2   
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Berkelium.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
97   
21
58   
99+
Number of Neutrons
150   
11
82   
99+
Number of Electrons
97   
21
58   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
170.00 pm   
22
181.80 pm   
12
Covalent Radius
Not Available   
204.00 pm   
8
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
235.00 pm   
17
Atomic Weight
247.00 amu   
18
140.12 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
Not Available   
20.67 cm3/mol   
17
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Curium
  
Lanthanum
  
Next Element
Californium
  
Praseodymium
  
Valence Electron Potential
45.50 (-eV)   
36
41.78 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
341.60 pm   
99+
362.00 pm   
34
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
14.78 g/cm3   
22
6.77 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.25 g/cm3   
11
6.55 g/cm3   
38
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
34
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
1.04 (Pa)   
13
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
13.50 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
21.50 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
33.60 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.24   
27
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
14.00   
14
6.77   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
Not Available   
828.00 nΩ·m   
3
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available   
0.19 J/(kg K)   
32
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
26.94 J/mol·K   
23
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K   
99+
11.30 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
6.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
414.00 kJ/mol   
16
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
5.46 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available   
381.00 kJ/mol   
23
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
72.00 J/mol.K   
12
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