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Berkelium vs Polonium

Berkelium
Polonium
Polonium vs Berkelium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Bk   
Po   
Group Number
Not Available   
16   
2
Period Number
7   
6   
Block
f block   
p block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440406   
99+
7440086   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Pm-3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
221.00   
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
    Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
  
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
Sources
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.   
Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie   
Discovery
In 1949   
In 1898   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
  
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Unknown   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
986.00 °C   
99+
254.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,627.00 °C   
40
962.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
α-polonium   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
β-polonium   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Bk   
Po   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
14   
25
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
2.00   
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20   
27
1.76   
2
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.48   
1
Allen Electronegativity
2.70   
1
2.19   
2
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
2.00   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol   
99+
812.10 kJ/mol   
14
2nd Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
3rd Energy Level
2,152.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
4th Energy Level
3,434.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.07 g/amp-hr   
16
3.90 g/amp-hr   
8
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
97   
21
84   
32
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f9 7s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Monoclinic (MON)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Berkelium.jpg#100   
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
97   
21
84   
32
Number of Neutrons
150   
11
125   
19
Number of Electrons
97   
21
84   
32
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
170.00 pm   
22
168.00 pm   
23
Covalent Radius
Not Available   
140.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
197.00 pm   
29
Atomic Weight
247.00 amu   
18
209.00 amu   
28
Atomic Volume
Not Available   
22.23 cm3/mol   
13
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Curium
  
Bismuth
  
Next Element
Californium
  
Francium
  
Valence Electron Potential
45.50 (-eV)   
36
Not Available   
Lattice Constant
341.60 pm   
99+
335.90 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
14.78 g/cm3   
22
9.20 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.25 g/cm3   
11
9.40 g/cm3   
19
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
14.00   
14
9.32   
31
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Nonmagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
Not Available   
0.40 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
183.30 kJ/mol   
3
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available   
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
26.40 J/mol·K   
28
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K   
99+
20.00 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
23.50 µm/(m·K)   
16
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
60.30 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
13.00 kJ/mol   
26
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available   
134.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
Not Available   
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