Group Number
Not Available
Element Family
Actinide
Post-Transition
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Pm-3m
Interesting Facts
- X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
- Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
- Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
- Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
Sources
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.
Mining, Ores of metals
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie
Discovery
In 1949
In 1898
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
Uses & Benefits
- This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
- Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
- A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Toxicity
Unknown
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Speed of Sound
Not Available
Not Available
α Allotropes
Not Available
α-polonium
β Allotropes
Not Available
β-polonium
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Pauling Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
Pauling Electropositivity
2nd Energy Level
Not Available
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
4th Energy Level
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
Electron Work Function
Not Available
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f9 7s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Monoclinic (MON)
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Berkelium.jpg#100
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100
Covalent Radius
Not Available
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available
Atomic Volume
Not Available
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Density At Room Temperature
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Nonmagnetic
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
Not Available
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available
Electron Affinity
Not Available
Specific Heat
Not Available
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
Not Available
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
Not Available