Berkelium vs Polonium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Bk
Po
Group Number
Not Available
16
2
Period Number
7
6
Block
f block
p block
Element Family
Actinide
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440406
99+
7440086
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Pm-3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
221.00
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
- X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
- Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
- Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
- Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
- Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
Sources
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.
Mining, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie
Discovery
In 1949
In 1898
Abundance
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
- Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
- A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
NA
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Unknown
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
36
0.00 p.p.m.
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
986.00 °C
99+
254.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,627.00 °C
40
962.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silver
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Speed of Sound
Not Available
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
Yes
α Allotropes
Not Available
α-polonium
β Allotropes
Not Available
β-polonium
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Bk
Po
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
14
25
29
10
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30
32
2.00
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20
27
1.76
2
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
2.48
1
Allen Electronegativity
2.70
1
2.19
2
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70
22
2.00
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol
99+
812.10 kJ/mol
14
2nd Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
3rd Energy Level
2,152.00 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
4th Energy Level
3,434.00 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.07 g/amp-hr
16
3.90 g/amp-hr
8
Electron Work Function
Not Available
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
97
21
84
32
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f9 7s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Monoclinic (MON)
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Berkelium.jpg#100
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
97
21
84
32
Number of Neutrons
150
11
125
19
Number of Electrons
97
21
84
32
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
170.00 pm
22
168.00 pm
23
Covalent Radius
Not Available
140.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available
197.00 pm
29
Atomic Weight
247.00 amu
18
209.00 amu
28
Atomic Volume
Not Available
22.23 cm3/mol
13
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
45.50 (-eV)
36
Not Available
Lattice Constant
341.60 pm
99+
335.90 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
14.78 g/cm3
22
9.20 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.25 g/cm3
11
9.40 g/cm3
19
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Elasticity properties
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
14.00
14
9.32
31
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Nonmagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
Not Available
0.40 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
Not Available
183.30 kJ/mol
3
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available
26.40 J/mol·K
28
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K
99+
20.00 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
Not Available
23.50 µm/(m·K)
16
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
60.30 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available
13.00 kJ/mol
26
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available
134.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
Not Available
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