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Berkelium Yttrium Comparison

Berkelium
Yttrium
Yttrium Berkelium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Bk   
Y   
Group Number
Not Available   
3   
15
Period Number
7   
5   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440406   
99+
7440655   
25
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
    Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
  
  • Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
  • Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
  
Sources
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Johan Gadolin   
Discovery
In 1949   
In 1794   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
7 * 10-7 %   
17
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
21
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
22
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
25
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
  
  • Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
  • It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Unknown   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
26
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.07 p.p.m.   
25
Physical Properties
Melting Point
986.00 °C   
99+
1,523.00 °C   
27
Boiling Point
2,627.00 °C   
40
3,337.00 °C   
21
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
589.00 MPa   
22
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
3,300.00 m/s   
23
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Bk   
Y   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
14   
25
19   
20
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
1.22   
38
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.65   
29
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20   
27
1.11   
29
Allen Electronegativity
2.70   
1
1.12   
38
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
2.78   
16
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol   
99+
600.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,180.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,152.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,434.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5,847.00 kJ/mol   
10
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,430.00 kJ/mol   
14
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,970.00 kJ/mol   
17
7th Energy level
Not Available   
11,190.00 kJ/mol   
18
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
12,450.00 kJ/mol   
18
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
14,110.00 kJ/mol   
19
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
18,400.00 kJ/mol   
17
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
19,900.00 kJ/mol   
18
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
36,090.00 kJ/mol   
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.07 g/amp-hr   
16
1.11 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
3.10 eV   
35
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
97   
21
39   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f9 7s2   
[Kr] 4d1 5s2   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Berkelium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Yttrium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
97   
21
39   
99+
Number of Neutrons
150   
11
50   
99+
Number of Electrons
97   
21
39   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
170.00 pm   
22
180.00 pm   
14
Covalent Radius
Not Available   
190.00 pm   
18
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
247.00 amu   
18
88.91 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
Not Available   
19.80 cm3/mol   
21
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Curium
  
Strontium
  
Next Element
Californium
  
Zirconium
  
Valence Electron Potential
45.50 (-eV)   
36
48.00 (-eV)   
30
Lattice Constant
341.60 pm   
99+
364.74 pm   
31
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.57   
16
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
14.78 g/cm3   
22
4.47 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.25 g/cm3   
11
4.24 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
32
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
4.27 (Pa)   
10
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
25.60 GPa   
30
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
41.20 GPa   
30
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
63.50 GPa   
32
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.24   
26
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
14.00   
14
4.47   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
Not Available   
596.00 nΩ·m   
8
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
29.60 kJ/mol   
30
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available   
0.30 J/(kg K)   
18
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
26.53 J/mol·K   
27
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K   
99+
17.20 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
10.60 µm/(m·K)   
37
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
393.00 kJ/mol   
18
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
17.15 kJ/mol   
16
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available   
418.00 kJ/mol   
18
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
44.40 J/mol.K   
33
Summary >>
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