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Yttrium Berkelium Comparison

Yttrium
Berkelium
Berkelium Yttrium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Y   
Bk   
Group Number
3   
15
Not Available   
Period Number
5   
7   
Block
d block   
f block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7440655   
25
7440406   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
  • Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
  
  • X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
    Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Johan Gadolin   
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Discovery
In 1794   
In 1949   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-7 %   
17
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
21
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
22
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
25
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
  • It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
  
  • This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
NA   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Unknown   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
26
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
0.07 p.p.m.   
25
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,523.00 °C   
27
986.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,337.00 °C   
21
2,627.00 °C   
40
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
589.00 MPa   
22
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
3,300.00 m/s   
23
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Y   
Bk   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
19   
20
14   
25
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.22   
38
1.30   
32
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.65   
29
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
1.20   
27
Allen Electronegativity
1.12   
38
2.70   
1
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.78   
16
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol   
99+
601.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,180.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,186.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,152.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/mol   
10
3,434.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5th Energy Level
7,430.00 kJ/mol   
14
Not Available   
6th Energy Level
8,970.00 kJ/mol   
17
Not Available   
7th Energy level
11,190.00 kJ/mol   
18
Not Available   
8th Energy Level
12,450.00 kJ/mol   
18
Not Available   
9th Energy Level
14,110.00 kJ/mol   
19
Not Available   
10th Energy Level
18,400.00 kJ/mol   
17
Not Available   
11th Energy Level
19,900.00 kJ/mol   
18
Not Available   
12th Energy Level
36,090.00 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr   
99+
3.07 g/amp-hr   
16
Electron Work Function
3.10 eV   
35
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
39   
99+
97   
21
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d1 5s2   
[Rn] 5f9 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Yttrium.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Berkelium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
39   
99+
97   
21
Number of Neutrons
50   
99+
150   
11
Number of Electrons
39   
99+
97   
21
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm   
14
170.00 pm   
22
Covalent Radius
190.00 pm   
18
Not Available   
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
Not Available   
Atomic Weight
88.91 amu   
99+
247.00 amu   
18
Atomic Volume
19.80 cm3/mol   
21
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Strontium
  
Curium
  
Next Element
Zirconium
  
Californium
  
Valence Electron Potential
48.00 (-eV)   
30
45.50 (-eV)   
36
Lattice Constant
364.74 pm   
31
341.60 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
16
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
4.47 g/cm3   
99+
14.78 g/cm3   
22
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.24 g/cm3   
99+
13.25 g/cm3   
11
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
32
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
4.27 (Pa)   
10
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
25.60 GPa   
30
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
41.20 GPa   
30
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
63.50 GPa   
32
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.24   
26
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
4.47   
99+
14.00   
14
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
596.00 nΩ·m   
8
Not Available   
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Not Available   
Electron Affinity
29.60 kJ/mol   
30
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.30 J/(kg K)   
18
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
26.53 J/mol·K   
27
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
17.20 W/m·K   
99+
10.00 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
10.60 µm/(m·K)   
37
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
393.00 kJ/mol   
18
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.15 kJ/mol   
16
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Atomization
418.00 kJ/mol   
18
Not Available   
Standard Molar Entropy
44.40 J/mol.K   
33
Not Available   
Summary >>
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