1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Post-Transition
1.6 CAS Number
74404177440746
7429905
54386242
1.8 Space Group Name
1.9 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
- Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
- It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
- Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
- Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
2.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Mining, Ores of metals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-7 %3 * 10-8 %
5E-09
0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %~0.0000004 %
1E-08
0.1
2.6.1 Abundance In Meteorites
2.7.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.9.1 Abundance In Oceans
3.1.2 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
- Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
- It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
- Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
4.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
4.2.5 In Bone
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
1,278.00 °C156.61 °C
27
3410
5.4 Boiling Point
2,970.00 °C2,000.00 °C
147
5660
5.5 Appearance
5.5.1 Physical State
5.5.2 Color
5.5.3 Luster
5.6 Hardness
5.6.1 Mohs Hardness
5.7.2 Brinell Hardness
590.00 MPa8.80 MPa
0.14
3490
5.7.3 Vickers Hardness
5.8 Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/s1,215.00 m/s
818
16200
5.9 Optical Properties
5.9.1 Refractive Index
5.9.2 Reflectivity
5.10 Allotropes
5.10.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.10.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.10.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6 Chemical
6.1 Chemical Formula
6.2 Isotopes
6.2.1 Known Isotopes
6.3 Electronegativity
6.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
6.4.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
7.1.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
7.1.5 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
7.1.7 Allen Electronegativity
7.3 Electropositivity
7.3.1 Pauling Electropositivity
7.4 Ionization Energies
7.4.1 1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol558.30 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
7.4.3 2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/mol1,820.70 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
7.4.4 3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/mol2,704.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
7.4.6 4th Energy Level
21,006.60 kJ/mol5,210.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
8.1.1 5th Energy Level
8.2.1 6th Energy Level
8.3.1 7th Energy level
8.3.2 8th Energy Level
8.4.1 9th Energy Level
8.5.1 10th Energy Level
8.5.2 11th Energy Level
8.6.2 12th Energy Level
8.6.4 13th Energy Level
8.6.6 14th Energy Level
8.6.7 15th Energy Level
8.7.1 16th Energy Level
8.7.2 17th Energy Level
8.7.3 18th Energy Level
8.7.4 19th Energy Level
8.7.5 20th Energy Level
8.7.6 21st Energy Level
8.7.7 22nd Energy Level
8.7.8 23rd Energy Level
8.7.9 24th Energy Level
8.7.10 25th Energy Level
8.7.11 26th Energy Level
8.7.12 27th Energy Level
8.7.13 28th Energy Level
8.7.14 29th Energy Level
8.7.15 30th Energy Level
8.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hr1.43 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
8.9 Electron Work Function
8.10 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
9.2 Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1
9.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Tetragonal (TETR)
9.3.1 Crystal Lattice
9.4 Atom
9.4.1 Number of Protons
9.4.2 Number of Neutrons
9.4.3 Number of Electrons
9.5 Radius of an Atom
9.5.1 Atomic Radius
112.00 pm167.00 pm
112
265
9.5.2 Covalent Radius
9.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pm193.00 pm
139
348
9.6 Atomic Weight
9.01 amu114.82 amu
6.94
294
9.7 Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/mol15.70 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
9.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
9.8.1 Previous Element
9.8.2 Next Element
9.9 Valence Electron Potential
82.00 (-eV)54.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
9.10 Lattice Constant
228.58 pm325.23 pm
228.58
891.25
9.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
9.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
10 Mechanical
10.1 Density
10.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm37.31 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
10.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.69 g/cm37.02 g/cm3
0.512
20
10.2 Tensile Strength
10.3 Viscosity
10.4 Vapor Pressure
10.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.01 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
10.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
10.5 Elasticity properties
10.5.1 Shear Modulus
10.5.2 Bulk Modulus
10.5.3 Young's Modulus
287.00 GPa11.00 GPa
1.7
528
10.6 Poisson Ratio
10.7 Other Mechanical Properties
11 Magnetic
11.1 Magnetic Characteristics
11.1.1 Specific Gravity
11.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
11.1.3 Permeability
11.1.4 Susceptibility
11.2 Electrical Properties
11.2.1 Electrical Property
11.2.2 Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·m83.70 nΩ·m
0.18
961
11.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm Ω0.12 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
11.2.4 Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol28.90 kJ/mol
0
222.8
12 Thermal
12.1 Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)0.23 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
12.2 Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·K26.74 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
12.3 Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·K81.80 W/m·K
6.3
429
12.4 Critical Temperature
12.5 Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)32.10 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
12.6 Enthalpy
12.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/mol226.40 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
12.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/mol3.28 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
12.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
326.40 kJ/mol242.70 kJ/mol
61.5
837
12.7 Standard Molar Entropy
9.50 J/mol.K57.80 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1