1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
2.2 Period Number
2.4 Block
2.5 Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Post-Transition
2.6 CAS Number
74404177440086
7429905
54386242
1.4 Space Group Name
1.5 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
- Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
- It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
- Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
- Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
- Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
2.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Mining, Ores of metals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2.8.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
2.8.5 Abundance In Meteorites
2.11.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.4.2 Abundance In Oceans
4.2.2 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
- Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
- Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
- A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
5.1.2 Medical Uses
5.1.3 Other Uses
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
5.3.4 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
1,278.00 °C254.00 °C
27
3410
1.4 Boiling Point
2,970.00 °C962.00 °C
147
5660
1.8 Appearance
1.8.1 Physical State
1.8.2 Color
1.8.3 Luster
1.9 Hardness
1.9.1 Mohs Hardness
2.5.3 Brinell Hardness
3.3.4 Vickers Hardness
3.4 Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/sNA
818
16200
4.2 Optical Properties
4.2.1 Refractive Index
4.2.5 Reflectivity
5.3 Allotropes
5.4.1 α Allotropes
5.4.2 β Allotropes
5.4.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6 Chemical
6.1 Chemical Formula
6.2 Isotopes
6.2.1 Known Isotopes
8.2 Electronegativity
8.2.1 Pauling Electronegativity
8.8.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
8.10.5 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.10.7 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
8.11.5 Allen Electronegativity
8.14 Electropositivity
8.14.1 Pauling Electropositivity
8.16 Ionization Energies
8.16.1 1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol812.10 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
8.19.1 2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/molNA
710.2162
28750
8.23.1 3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/molNA
1600
34230
10.2.2 4th Energy Level
21,006.60 kJ/molNA
2780
37066
10.3.1 5th Energy Level
11.3.2 6th Energy Level
11.3.7 7th Energy level
11.4.3 8th Energy Level
11.5.5 9th Energy Level
11.5.10 10th Energy Level
11.6.2 11th Energy Level
12.1.8 12th Energy Level
12.3.3 13th Energy Level
12.5.2 14th Energy Level
13.1.1 15th Energy Level
14.3.1 16th Energy Level
14.7.1 17th Energy Level
14.9.2 18th Energy Level
14.10.1 19th Energy Level
14.11.2 20th Energy Level
14.11.5 21st Energy Level
14.12.2 22nd Energy Level
14.12.6 23rd Energy Level
14.12.8 24th Energy Level
14.13.2 25th Energy Level
14.13.4 26th Energy Level
14.14.1 27th Energy Level
14.14.3 28th Energy Level
14.15.1 29th Energy Level
14.15.3 30th Energy Level
14.16 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hr3.90 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
14.19 Electron Work Function
14.21 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
15 Atomic
15.1 Atomic Number
16.2 Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
16.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Monoclinic (MON)
16.3.2 Crystal Lattice
16.4 Atom
16.4.1 Number of Protons
16.4.4 Number of Neutrons
16.5.1 Number of Electrons
16.8 Radius of an Atom
16.8.1 Atomic Radius
112.00 pm168.00 pm
112
265
16.8.4 Covalent Radius
16.9.2 Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pm197.00 pm
139
348
16.10 Atomic Weight
9.01 amu209.00 amu
6.94
294
16.11 Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/mol22.23 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
17.2 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
17.2.1 Previous Element
17.2.2 Next Element
17.3 Valence Electron Potential
17.5 Lattice Constant
228.58 pm335.90 pm
228.58
891.25
17.6 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
17.7 Lattice C/A Ratio
18 Mechanical
18.1 Density
18.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm39.20 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
19.2.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.69 g/cm39.40 g/cm3
0.512
20
20.2 Tensile Strength
20.9 Viscosity
21.2 Vapor Pressure
21.2.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
21.6.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
21.7 Elasticity properties
21.7.1 Shear Modulus
21.9.4 Bulk Modulus
21.12.1 Young's Modulus
21.17 Poisson Ratio
21.23 Other Mechanical Properties
22 Magnetic
22.1 Magnetic Characteristics
22.1.1 Specific Gravity
23.2.1 Magnetic Ordering
23.2.2 Permeability
24.1.2 Susceptibility
24.4 Electrical Properties
24.4.1 Electrical Property
24.4.2 Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·m0.40 nΩ·m
0.18
961
24.6.2 Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
24.9.4 Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol183.30 kJ/mol
0
222.8
25 Thermal
25.1 Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)0.12 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
26.2 Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·K26.40 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
26.4 Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·K20.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
27.3 Critical Temperature
27.5 Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)23.50 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
27.6 Enthalpy
27.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/mol60.30 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
28.1.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/mol13.00 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
28.2.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
326.40 kJ/mol134.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
29.3 Standard Molar Entropy