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Beryllium
Beryllium

Polonium
Polonium



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Beryllium vs Polonium

1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Be
Po
1.2 Group Number
216
Gadolinium
0 17
1.3 Period Number
26
Lithium
2 7
1.4 Block
s block
p block
1.5 Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Post-​Transition
1.6 CAS Number
74404177440086
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Pm-3m
1.8 Space Group Number
194.00221.00
Plutonium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
  • Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
  • It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
2.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Mining, Ores of metals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1797
In 1898
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-7 %NA
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %~-9999 %
Palladium
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %NA
Gold
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %NA
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
0.00 %NA
Radium
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
  • Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Toxic
Highly Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
Plutonium
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
1,278.00 °C254.00 °C
Francium
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
2,970.00 °C962.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
White Gray
Silver
4.3.3 Luster
Metallic
NA
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
5.50NA
Cesium
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
590.00 MPaNA
Cesium
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
1,670.00 MPaNA
Palladium
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/sNA
Thallium
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
α-polonium
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
β-polonium
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Be
Po
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
929
Tennessine
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.572.00
Francium
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
1.81NA
Cesium
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.471.76
Cesium
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.542.48
Cesium
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
1.582.19
Cesium
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.432.00
Gold
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol812.10 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/molNA
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/molNA
Osmium
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
21,006.60 kJ/molNA
Thorium
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
NANA
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
NANA
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
14110 134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium
17100 144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
19900 169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese
41987 97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron
47206 109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt
52737 122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel
58570 134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper
64702 148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hr3.90 g/amp-hr
Palladium
0.16812 8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
4.98 eVNA
Cesium
2.14 5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
484
Lithium
3 117
6.2 Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
6.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Monoclinic (MON)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
484
Lithium
3 117
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
5125
Lithium
4 184
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
484
Lithium
3 117
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
112.00 pm168.00 pm
Palladium
112 265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
96.00 pm140.00 pm
Palladium
96 260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pm197.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
6.6 Atomic Weight
9.01 amu209.00 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
6.7 Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/mol22.23 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
82.00 (-eV)NA
Francium
8 392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
228.58 pm335.90 pm
Palladium
228.58 891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57NA
Cadmium
1.567 1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm39.20 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.69 g/cm39.40 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
7.2 Tensile Strength
NANA
Indium
2.5 11000
7.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)NA
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NANA
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
132.00 GPaNA
Potassium
1.3 222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
130.00 GPaNA
Cesium
1.6 462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
287.00 GPaNA
Cesium
1.7 528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
0.03NA
Iron
0.032 0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
1.859.32
Lithium
0.53 4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Nonmagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Conductor
8.2.2 Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·m0.40 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol183.30 kJ/mol
Mercury
0 222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)0.12 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·K26.40 J/mol·K
Palladium
16.443 62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·K20.00 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
9.4 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
9.5 Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)23.50 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/mol60.30 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/mol13.00 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
326.40 kJ/mol134.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
9.50 J/mol.KNA
Palladium
9.5 198.1