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Beryllium vs Rutherfordium

Beryllium
Rutherfordium
Rutherfordium vs Beryllium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Be   
Rf   
Group Number
2   
16
4   
14
Period Number
2   
7   
Block
s block   
d block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440417   
99+
53850365   
13
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Not Available   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
Not Available   
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
  • Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
  • It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
  
  • Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
  • Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin   
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research   
Discovery
In 1797   
In 1964   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-7 %   
23
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %   
29
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
35
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
39
Not Available   
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
19
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
  • Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
  
  • Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Unknown   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
32
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
32
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,278.00 °C   
36
2,100.00 °C   
11
Boiling Point
2,970.00 °C   
32
5,500.00 °C   
3
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
White Gray   
Unknown   
Luster
Metallic   
Unknown Luster   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50   
7
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
590.00 MPa   
21
Not Available   
Vickers Hardness
1,670.00 MPa   
4
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/s   
2
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Be   
Rf   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
9   
29
13   
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.57   
24
Not Available   
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.81   
12
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47   
14
Not Available   
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.54   
12
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.58   
23
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.43   
30
Not Available   
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol   
7
579.90 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/mol   
23
1,389.40 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/mol   
2
2,296.40 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
21,006.60 kJ/mol   
2
3,077.90 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hr   
99+
Not Available   
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV   
6
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
4   
99+
104   
14
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2   
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
4   
99+
104   
14
Number of Neutrons
5   
99+
157   
7
Number of Electrons
4   
99+
104   
14
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
112.00 pm   
99+
150.00 pm   
33
Covalent Radius
96.00 pm   
99+
157.00 pm   
31
Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pm   
99+
Not Available   
Atomic Weight
9.01 amu   
99+
267.00 amu   
11
Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lithium
  
Lawrencium
  
Next Element
Sodium
  
Dubnium
  
Valence Electron Potential
82.00 (-eV)   
15
Not Available   
Lattice Constant
228.58 pm   
99+
Not Available   
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
18
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm3   
99+
23.20 g/cm3   
8
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.69 g/cm3   
99+
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
19
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
132.00 GPa   
7
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
130.00 GPa   
13
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
287.00 GPa   
7
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.03   
35
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Unknown   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.85   
99+
Not Available   
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Unknown   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Unknown   
Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·m   
99+
Not Available   
Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm Ω   
5
Not Available   
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)   
2
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·K   
99+
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·K   
6
Not Available   
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)   
34
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/mol   
30
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/mol   
30
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Atomization
326.40 kJ/mol   
30
Not Available   
Standard Molar Entropy
9.50 J/mol.K   
99+
Not Available   
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