1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Post-Transition
Actinide
1.6 CAS Number
74406997440724
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
- It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
- Fermium metal is highly radioactive in nature.
- Fermium is synthetically produced metal.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Bombarding Pu-239 with Neutrons
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1.2.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.000006 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
1.2.2 Abundance In Meteorites
1.3.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
1.6.1 Abundance In Oceans
1.6.2 Abundance In Humans
2 Uses
2.1 Uses & Benefits
- Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
- Currently known uses of Fermium metal are limited to research purpose only.
2.1.1 Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
2.1.2 Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
2.1.3 Other Uses
2.2 Biological Properties
2.2.1 Toxicity
2.2.2 Present in Human Body
2.2.3 In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
3.4.2 In Bone
0.20 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
271.30 °C1,527.00 °C
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
4.3.2 Color
4.3.3 Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
4.4.5 Vickers Hardness
5.3 Speed of Sound
5.4 Optical Properties
5.4.1 Refractive Index
6.1.1 Reflectivity
6.2 Allotropes
6.2.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.2.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.2.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7 Chemical
7.1 Chemical Formula
7.2 Isotopes
7.2.1 Known Isotopes
7.6 Electronegativity
7.6.1 Pauling Electronegativity
7.6.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
7.7.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
7.8.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
8.2.2 Allen Electronegativity
8.4 Electropositivity
8.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
8.5 Ionization Energies
8.5.1 1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol627.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
8.5.4 2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol1,225.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
8.6.2 3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol2,363.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
8.7.3 4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol3,792.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
8.7.6 5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
8.7.8 6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
8.7.10 7th Energy level
8.7.13 8th Energy Level
8.7.16 9th Energy Level
8.7.18 10th Energy Level
8.7.21 11th Energy Level
8.7.23 12th Energy Level
8.7.25 13th Energy Level
8.7.27 14th Energy Level
8.7.29 15th Energy Level
8.7.31 16th Energy Level
8.7.33 17th Energy Level
8.7.35 18th Energy Level
8.7.37 19th Energy Level
8.7.39 20th Energy Level
8.7.41 21st Energy Level
8.7.43 22nd Energy Level
8.7.45 23rd Energy Level
8.7.47 24th Energy Level
8.7.49 25th Energy Level
8.7.51 26th Energy Level
8.7.52 27th Energy Level
8.7.54 28th Energy Level
8.7.56 29th Energy Level
8.8.1 30th Energy Level
8.9 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr3.20 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
8.10 Electron Work Function
9.2 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
10.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
[Rn] 5f12 7s2
10.3 Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Not Known
10.3.1 Crystal Lattice
10.4 Atom
10.4.1 Number of Protons
10.7.2 Number of Neutrons
10.7.5 Number of Electrons
10.8 Radius of an Atom
10.8.1 Atomic Radius
10.9.2 Covalent Radius
10.9.4 Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm245.00 pm
139
348
10.10 Atomic Weight
208.98 amu257.00 amu
6.94
294
10.12 Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/molNA
1.39
71.07
10.14 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.14.1 Previous Element
10.14.2 Next Element
10.15 Valence Electron Potential
10.18 Lattice Constant
667.40 pmNA
228.58
891.25
10.20 Lattice Angles
10.21 Lattice C/A Ratio
11 Mechanical
11.1 Density
11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
11.3.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
12.2 Tensile Strength
12.3 Viscosity
12.4 Vapor Pressure
12.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
12.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.6 Elasticity properties
12.6.1 Shear Modulus
12.8.2 Bulk Modulus
12.9.2 Young's Modulus
12.10 Poisson Ratio
12.11 Other Mechanical Properties
13 Magnetic
13.1 Magnetic Characteristics
13.1.1 Specific Gravity
13.1.3 Magnetic Ordering
13.1.4 Permeability
0.00 H/mNA
1.25643E-06
0.0063
13.1.5 Susceptibility
13.2 Electrical Properties
13.2.1 Electrical Property
13.2.2 Resistivity
13.3.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm ΩNA
0.00666
0.63
14.1.4 Electron Affinity
15 Thermal
15.1 Specific Heat
15.3 Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·KNA
16.443
62.7
15.4 Thermal Conductivity
15.5 Critical Temperature
15.6 Thermal Expansion
16.3 Enthalpy
16.3.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/molNA
7.32
799.1
16.3.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
16.4.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
16.7 Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.KNA
9.5
198.1