Bismuth

Magnesium

Bismuth vs Magnesium

Bismuth

Magnesium

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

152

0 17

1.3 Period Number

2 7

1.5 Block

p block

s block

1.6 Element Family

Post-Transition

Alkaline Earth

1.7 CAS Number

74406997439954

7429905 54386242

1.8 Space Group Name

C12/m1

P63/mmc

1.9 Space Group Number

12.00194.00

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.

It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.

Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.

2.2 Sources

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals

By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Claude François Geoffroy

Joseph Black

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1753

In 1755

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

7 * 10^-8 %6 * 10^-2 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~0.000006 %~0.07 %

1E-08 0.1

2.5.1 Abundance In Meteorites

0.00 %12.00 %

1.7E-07 22

2.5.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.00 %2.90 %

9.9E-12 8.1

3.1.2 Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %0.13 %

2E-23 1.1

3.1.5 Abundance In Humans

NA0.03 %

1E-13 1.4

4 Uses

4.1 Uses & Benefits

Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.

Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.

4.1.1 Industrial Uses

Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry

4.1.2 Medical Uses

Pharmaceutical Industry

4.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys

Surgical Instruments Manufacturing

4.2 Biological Properties

4.2.1 Toxicity

Low Toxic

Non Toxic

4.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

4.2.3 In Blood

0.02 Blood/mg dm-337.80 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

4.3.3 In Bone

0.20 p.p.m.1,800.00 p.p.m.

0 170000

5 Physical

5.1 Melting Point

271.30 °C650.00 °C

27 3410

5.2 Boiling Point

1,560.00 °C1,107.00 °C

147 5660

5.3 Appearance

5.3.1 Physical State

Solid

5.3.2 Color

Silver

Gray

5.3.3 Luster

Metallic

5.4 Hardness

5.4.1 Mohs Hardness

2.252.50

0.2 8.5

6.1.1 Brinell Hardness

70.00 MPa260.00 MPa

0.14 3490

6.2.1 Vickers Hardness

NANA

121 3430

6.4 Speed of Sound

1,790.00 m/s4,940.00 m/s

818 16200

6.5 Optical Properties

6.5.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

6.6.1 Reflectivity

NA74.00 %

58 97

6.7 Allotropes

✔ ✘

6.7.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

6.7.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

6.7.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

7 Chemical

7.1 Chemical Formula

7.2 Isotopes

7.2.1 Known Isotopes

3315

0 38

7.4 Electronegativity

7.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity

2.021.31

0.7 2.54

7.5.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

2.341.32

0.22 2.56

7.5.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.671.23

0.86 1.82

7.5.5 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

2.151.37

0.62 2.48

7.5.7 Allen Electronegativity

2.011.29

0.659 2.7

7.6 Electropositivity

7.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity

1.982.69

1.46 3.3

7.8 Ionization Energies

7.8.1 1st Energy Level

703.00 kJ/mol737.70 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

7.8.2 2nd Energy Level

1,610.00 kJ/mol1,450.70 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

7.8.3 3rd Energy Level

2,466.00 kJ/mol7,732.70 kJ/mol

1600 34230

7.8.4 4th Energy Level

4,370.00 kJ/mol10,542.50 kJ/mol

2780 37066

7.8.5 5th Energy Level

5,400.00 kJ/mol13,630.00 kJ/mol

4305.2 97510

7.8.6 6th Energy Level

8,520.00 kJ/mol18,020.00 kJ/mol

5715.8 105800

7.8.7 7th Energy level

NA21,711.00 kJ/mol

7226.8 114300

7.8.8 8th Energy Level

NA25,661.00 kJ/mol

8857.4 125300

7.8.9 9th Energy Level

NA31,653.00 kJ/mol

14110 134700

7.8.10 10th Energy Level

NA35,458.00 kJ/mol

17100 144300

7.8.11 11th Energy Level

NA169,988.00 kJ/mol

19900 169988

7.8.12 12th Energy Level

NA189,368.00 kJ/mol

22219 189368

7.8.13 13th Energy Level

NANA

26930 76015

7.8.14 14th Energy Level

NANA

29196 86450

7.8.15 15th Energy Level

NANA

41987 97510

7.8.16 16th Energy Level

NANA

47206 109480

7.8.17 17th Energy Level

NANA

52737 122200

7.8.18 18th Energy Level

NANA

58570 134810

7.8.19 19th Energy Level

NANA

64702 148700

7.8.20 20th Energy Level

NANA

80400 171200

7.8.21 21st Energy Level

NANA

87000 179100

7.8.22 22nd Energy Level

NANA

93400 184900

7.8.23 23rd Energy Level

NANA

98420 198800

7.8.24 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

7.8.25 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

7.8.26 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

7.8.27 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

7.8.28 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

7.8.29 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

7.8.30 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

7.9 Electrochemical Equivalent

2.60 g/amp-hr0.45 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

7.10 Electron Work Function

4.22 eV3.66 eV

2.14 5.65

7.11 Other Chemical Properties

Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility

Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility

8 Atomic

8.1 Atomic Number

8312

3 117

8.2 Electron Configuration

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p³

[Ne] 3s²

8.3 Crystal Structure

Rhombohedral (RHO)

Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)

8.3.1 Crystal Lattice

8.4 Atom

8.4.1 Number of Protons

8312

3 117

8.4.2 Number of Neutrons

12612

4 184

8.4.3 Number of Electrons

8312

3 117

8.5 Radius of an Atom

8.5.1 Atomic Radius

156.00 pm160.00 pm

112 265

8.5.2 Covalent Radius

148.00 pm141.00 pm

96 260

8.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

207.00 pm173.00 pm

139 348

8.6 Atomic Weight

208.98 amu24.31 amu

6.94 294

8.7 Atomic Volume

21.30 cm3/mol13.97 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

8.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

8.8.1 Previous Element

8.8.2 Next Element

8.9 Valence Electron Potential

41.90 (-eV)40.00 (-eV)

8 392.42

8.10 Lattice Constant

667.40 pm320.94 pm

228.58 891.25

8.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

8.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

NANA

1.567 1.886

9 Mechanical

9.1 Density

9.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

9.78 g/cm³1.74 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

9.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

10.05 g/cm31.58 g/cm3

0.512 20

9.2 Tensile Strength

NANA

2.5 11000

9.3 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

9.4 Vapor Pressure

9.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

NANA

2.47E-11 121

9.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

NANA

2.62E-10 774

9.5 Elasticity properties

9.5.1 Shear Modulus

12.00 GPa17.00 GPa

1.3 222

9.5.2 Bulk Modulus

31.00 GPa45.00 GPa

1.6 462

9.5.3 Young's Modulus

32.00 GPa45.00 GPa

1.7 528

9.6 Poisson Ratio

0.330.29

0.032 0.47

9.7 Other Mechanical Properties

10 Magnetic

10.1 Magnetic Characteristics

10.1.1 Specific Gravity

9.791.74

0.53 4500

10.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Diamagnetic

Paramagnetic

10.1.3 Permeability

0.00 H/mNA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

10.1.4 Susceptibility

0.00NA

-0.000166 200000

10.2 Electrical Properties

10.2.1 Electrical Property

Semiconductor

Conductor

10.2.2 Resistivity

1.29 nΩ·m43.90 nΩ·m

0.18 961

10.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

0.01 10⁶/cm Ω0.23 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

10.2.4 Electron Affinity

91.20 kJ/mol0.00 kJ/mol

0 222.8

11 Thermal

11.1 Specific Heat

0.12 J/(kg K)1.02 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

11.2 Molar Heat Capacity

25.52 J/mol·K24.87 J/mol·K

16.443 62.7

11.3 Thermal Conductivity

7.97 W/m·K156.00 W/m·K

6.3 429

11.4 Critical Temperature

NANA

26.3 3223

11.5 Thermal Expansion

13.40 µm/(m·K)24.80 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

11.6 Enthalpy

11.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

151.00 kJ/mol128.70 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

11.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

10.90 kJ/mol8.95 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

11.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

207.10 kJ/mol148.50 kJ/mol

61.5 837

11.7 Standard Molar Entropy

56.70 J/mol.K32.70 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

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