1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.4 Period Number
1.6 Block
1.7 Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
1.8 CAS Number
74406997440042
7429905
54386242
2.3 Space Group Name
2.4 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
- It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
- Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
- But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
3.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy
Smithson Tennant
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %3 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
3.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.000006 %~0.0000002 %
1E-08
0.1
3.4.5 Abundance In Meteorites
3.4.7 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.4.9 Abundance In Oceans
3.5.2 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
- Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
-
It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
4.1.3 Other Uses
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
4.2.6 In Bone
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
271.30 °C3,045.00 °C
27
3410
5.2 Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C5,027.00 °C
147
5660
5.3 Appearance
5.3.1 Physical State
5.3.2 Color
Silver
Silvery Bluish-Gray
5.3.3 Luster
5.4 Hardness
5.4.1 Mohs Hardness
5.4.3 Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa3,490.00 MPa
0.14
3490
5.4.5 Vickers Hardness
5.5 Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/s4,940.00 m/s
818
16200
5.6 Optical Properties
5.6.1 Refractive Index
5.6.2 Reflectivity
5.7 Allotropes
5.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6 Chemical
6.1 Chemical Formula
6.2 Isotopes
6.2.1 Known Isotopes
6.3 Electronegativity
6.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
6.3.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
6.3.6 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
6.3.8 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
6.3.10 Allen Electronegativity
6.4 Electropositivity
6.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
6.5 Ionization Energies
6.5.1 1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol840.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
6.5.3 2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol1,309.80 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
6.5.5 3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol1,600.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
6.5.8 4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/molNA
2780
37066
6.5.10 5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
6.5.12 6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
6.5.15 7th Energy level
6.6.1 8th Energy Level
6.6.2 9th Energy Level
6.7.1 10th Energy Level
7.1.1 11th Energy Level
7.4.2 12th Energy Level
7.4.3 13th Energy Level
7.4.5 14th Energy Level
7.4.7 15th Energy Level
7.4.8 16th Energy Level
7.5.2 17th Energy Level
7.5.4 18th Energy Level
7.5.6 19th Energy Level
7.6.1 20th Energy Level
7.6.2 21st Energy Level
7.6.3 22nd Energy Level
7.7.1 23rd Energy Level
7.7.2 24th Energy Level
7.7.3 25th Energy Level
7.9.1 26th Energy Level
7.10.1 27th Energy Level
7.10.2 28th Energy Level
7.12.1 29th Energy Level
8.1.2 30th Energy Level
8.2 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr1.77 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
8.3 Electron Work Function
8.5 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
9.4 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
9.5 Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
9.5.1 Crystal Lattice
9.6 Atom
9.6.1 Number of Protons
9.6.3 Number of Neutrons
9.7.2 Number of Electrons
9.8 Radius of an Atom
9.8.1 Atomic Radius
156.00 pm133.80 pm
112
265
9.8.3 Covalent Radius
9.9.1 Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm216.00 pm
139
348
10.2 Atomic Weight
208.98 amu190.23 amu
6.94
294
10.3 Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol8.49 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
10.4 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.4.1 Previous Element
10.4.2 Next Element
10.5 Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)91.40 (-eV)
8
392.42
10.7 Lattice Constant
667.40 pm273.44 pm
228.58
891.25
10.8 Lattice Angles
10.9 Lattice C/A Ratio
11 Mechanical
11.1 Density
11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm322.59 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
12.1.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm320.00 g/cm3
0.512
20
12.3 Tensile Strength
12.5 Viscosity
12.6 Vapor Pressure
12.6.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
12.7.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.9 Elasticity properties
12.9.1 Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa222.00 GPa
1.3
222
12.10.2 Bulk Modulus
31.00 GPa462.00 GPa
1.6
462
12.10.3 Young's Modulus
12.11 Poisson Ratio
12.12 Other Mechanical Properties
13 Magnetic
13.1 Magnetic Characteristics
13.1.1 Specific Gravity
13.2.1 Magnetic Ordering
13.2.2 Permeability
0.00 H/mNA
1.25643E-06
0.0063
13.2.3 Susceptibility
13.3 Electrical Properties
13.3.1 Electrical Property
13.3.2 Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m81.20 nΩ·m
0.18
961
13.3.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.11 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
13.3.4 Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol106.10 kJ/mol
0
222.8
14 Thermal
14.1 Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)0.13 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
14.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K24.70 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
14.3 Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K87.60 W/m·K
6.3
429
14.4 Critical Temperature
14.5 Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)5.10 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
14.6 Enthalpy
14.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol627.60 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
1.4.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol29.30 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
1.4.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol669.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
1.5 Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K32.60 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1