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Cadmium
Cadmium

Curium
Curium



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Cadmium vs Curium

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Cd
Cm
1.2 Group Number
12NA
Gadolinium
0 17
1.4 Period Number
57
Lithium
2 7
1.10 Block
d block
f block
1.11 Element Family
Transition Metal
Actinide
1.12 CAS Number
74404397440519
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
2.6 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Not Available
2.7 Space Group Number
194.00NA
Plutonium
11 229
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
  • Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
  • Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
  • It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
  • It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
  • Curium metal does not occur free in nature.
  • Curium metal is a synthetically produced metal.
3.2 Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
Bombarding Plutonium with Helium Ions
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Albert Ghiorso
3.3.2 Discovery
In 1817
In 1944
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %NA
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
3.4.5 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000006 %~-9999 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
4.2.5 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %NA
Gold
1.7E-07 22
5.1.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %NA
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
5.3.3 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %NA
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
5.4.4 Abundance In Humans
0.00 %NA
Radium
1E-13 1.4
6 Uses
6.1 Uses & Benefits
  • It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
  • Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
  • Curium metal is used to provide power to electrical equipment for space missions.
6.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
6.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
6.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Research Purposes
6.2 Biological Properties
6.2.1 Toxicity
Toxic
Unknown
6.2.2 Present in Human Body
6.2.3 In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium
0 1970
6.3.2 In Bone
1.80 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
Plutonium
0 170000
7 Physical
7.1 Melting Point
320.90 °C1,340.00 °C
Francium
27 3410
8.3 Boiling Point
765.00 °C3,110.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
8.5 Appearance
8.5.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
8.5.2 Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Silver
8.5.3 Luster
Metallic
Metallic
8.6 Hardness
8.6.1 Mohs Hardness
2.00NA
Cesium
0.2 8.5
8.6.5 Brinell Hardness
203.00 MPaNA
Cesium
0.14 3490
8.6.9 Vickers Hardness
NANA
Palladium
121 3430
8.7 Speed of Sound
2,310.00 m/sNA
Thallium
818 16200
8.9 Optical Properties
8.9.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
8.9.3 Reflectivity
67.00 %NA
Molybdenum
58 97
8.11 Allotropes
8.11.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.11.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.11.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9 Chemical
9.1 Chemical Formula
Cd
Cm
9.2 Isotopes
9.2.1 Known Isotopes
3415
Tennessine
0 38
9.3 Electronegativity
9.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.691.30
Francium
0.7 2.54
9.3.4 Sanderson Electronegativity
1.98NA
Cesium
0.22 2.56
9.3.7 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.461.20
Cesium
0.86 1.82
9.3.9 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.53NA
Cesium
0.62 2.48
9.3.12 Allen Electronegativity
1.52NA
Cesium
0.659 2.7
9.4 Electropositivity
9.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.312.70
Gold
1.46 3.3
9.6 Ionization Energies
9.6.1 1st Energy Level
867.80 kJ/mol581.00 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
9.6.3 2nd Energy Level
1,631.40 kJ/mol1,196.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
9.7.1 3rd Energy Level
3,616.00 kJ/mol2,026.00 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
10.1.1 4th Energy Level
NA3,550.00 kJ/mol
Thorium
2780 37066
10.1.3 5th Energy Level
NANA
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
10.4.2 6th Energy Level
NANA
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
10.4.4 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
10.4.7 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
10.5.0 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
14110 134700
10.5.3 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium
17100 144300
10.5.5 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
19900 169988
10.5.8 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
10.6.2 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
10.7.1 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
10.7.3 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese
41987 97510
10.9.2 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron
47206 109480
10.10.2 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt
52737 122200
10.10.3 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel
58570 134810
10.12.1 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper
64702 148700
11.1.3 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
11.1.4 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
11.1.6 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
11.1.9 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
11.1.10 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
11.1.12 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
11.1.13 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
11.2.1 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
11.2.2 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
11.2.4 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
11.3.1 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
11.4 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr3.07 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
11.7 Electron Work Function
4.22 eVNA
Cesium
2.14 5.65
11.8 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
12 Atomic
12.1 Atomic Number
4896
Lithium
3 117
12.3 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2
[Rn] 5f7 6d1 7s2
12.4 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
12.4.1 Crystal Lattice
12.5 Atom
12.5.1 Number of Protons
4896
Lithium
3 117
12.5.2 Number of Neutrons
64151
Lithium
4 184
13.1.1 Number of Electrons
4896
Lithium
3 117
13.2 Radius of an Atom
13.2.1 Atomic Radius
151.00 pm174.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
13.5.3 Covalent Radius
144.00 pm169.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
13.5.4 Van der Waals Radius
158.00 pm200.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
13.6 Atomic Weight
112.41 amu247.00 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
13.7 Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol18.28 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
13.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
13.8.1 Previous Element
13.8.2 Next Element
13.9 Valence Electron Potential
30.00 (-eV)44.50 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
13.10 Lattice Constant
297.94 pmNA
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
13.12 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
NA
13.13 Lattice C/A Ratio
1.89NA
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
14 Mechanical
14.1 Density
14.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
8.65 g/cm313.51 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
14.2.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.00 g/cm313.85 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
15.2 Tensile Strength
62.00 MPaNA
Indium
2.5 11000
15.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
15.4 Vapor Pressure
15.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NANA
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
15.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NANA
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
15.6 Elasticity properties
15.6.1 Shear Modulus
19.00 GPaNA
Potassium
1.3 222
15.7.1 Bulk Modulus
42.00 GPaNA
Cesium
1.6 462
15.11.1 Young's Modulus
50.00 GPaNA
Cesium
1.7 528
15.14 Poisson Ratio
0.30NA
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
16.2 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Unknown
17 Magnetic
17.1 Magnetic Characteristics
17.1.1 Specific Gravity
8.6513.51
Lithium
0.53 4500
17.1.3 Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Antiferromagnetic
17.1.4 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
17.1.5 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
17.3 Electrical Properties
17.3.1 Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Unknown
17.3.2 Resistivity
72.70 nΩ·m1.25 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
17.5.2 Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm ΩNA
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
17.5.4 Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/molNA
Mercury
0 222.8
19 Thermal
19.1 Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)NA
Americium
0.11 3.6
19.2 Molar Heat Capacity
26.02 J/mol·KNA
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
19.4 Thermal Conductivity
96.60 W/m·KNA
Neptunium
6.3 429
19.6 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
20.2 Thermal Expansion
30.80 µm/(m·K)NA
Tungsten
4.5 97
20.3 Enthalpy
20.3.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
100.00 kJ/molNA
Zinc
7.32 799.1
20.3.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
6.19 kJ/mol15.00 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
20.5.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
113.00 kJ/molNA
Mercury
61.5 837
20.6 Standard Molar Entropy
51.80 J/mol.KNA
Beryllium
9.5 198.1