1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.6 Period Number
1.13 Block
1.14 Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
1.15 CAS Number
74404397439943
7429905
54386242
1.3 Space Group Name
1.4 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
- Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
- It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
- It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
- Metal dust of Lutetium element is highly explosive.
- Lutetium metal is corrosion resistance and acts stable in air.
2.2 Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer
Georges Urbain and Carl Auer von Welsbach
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %1 * 10-8 %
5E-09
0.11
3.7.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000006 %~0.0000001 %
1E-08
0.1
3.8.2 Abundance In Meteorites
4.5.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
4.6.5 Abundance In Oceans
4.8.4 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
-
Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
- Lutetium metal is used outside research. It has commercial uses like Industrial catalyst for cracking oil refineries of hydrocarbons .
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
5.3.1 Medical Uses
5.3.2 Other Uses
5.4 Biological Properties
5.4.1 Toxicity
5.4.2 Present in Human Body
5.4.3 In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
5.5.2 In Bone
7 Physical
7.1 Melting Point
320.90 °C1,652.00 °C
27
3410
8.3 Boiling Point
765.00 °C3,402.00 °C
147
5660
9.2 Appearance
9.2.1 Physical State
9.2.2 Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Silvery White
9.2.3 Luster
9.3 Hardness
9.3.1 Mohs Hardness
10.1.1 Brinell Hardness
203.00 MPa893.00 MPa
0.14
3490
10.3.1 Vickers Hardness
10.4 Speed of Sound
10.8 Optical Properties
10.8.1 Refractive Index
10.9.2 Reflectivity
10.10 Allotropes
10.10.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
10.10.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
10.10.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
11 Chemical
11.1 Chemical Formula
11.2 Isotopes
11.2.1 Known Isotopes
11.3 Electronegativity
11.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
11.4.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
11.5.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
11.6.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
11.7.2 Allen Electronegativity
13.3 Electropositivity
13.3.1 Pauling Electropositivity
13.5 Ionization Energies
13.5.1 1st Energy Level
867.80 kJ/mol523.50 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
13.6.2 2nd Energy Level
1,631.40 kJ/mol1,340.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
13.6.5 3rd Energy Level
3,616.00 kJ/mol2,022.30 kJ/mol
1600
34230
13.6.6 4th Energy Level
NA4,370.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
13.6.8 5th Energy Level
NA6,445.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
13.6.11 6th Energy Level
13.6.13 7th Energy level
13.6.14 8th Energy Level
13.7.2 9th Energy Level
13.7.4 10th Energy Level
13.8.2 11th Energy Level
13.10.2 12th Energy Level
13.10.4 13th Energy Level
13.10.7 14th Energy Level
13.10.10 15th Energy Level
13.10.12 16th Energy Level
13.10.15 17th Energy Level
13.10.17 18th Energy Level
13.10.21 19th Energy Level
13.10.24 20th Energy Level
13.10.25 21st Energy Level
13.10.28 22nd Energy Level
13.10.29 23rd Energy Level
13.10.32 24th Energy Level
13.10.34 25th Energy Level
13.10.36 26th Energy Level
13.10.39 27th Energy Level
13.10.40 28th Energy Level
13.10.43 29th Energy Level
13.10.45 30th Energy Level
13.11 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr2.18 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
13.12 Electron Work Function
1.3 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
2 Atomic
2.1 Atomic Number
2.3 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d1
2.4 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
2.5.1 Crystal Lattice
2.6 Atom
2.6.1 Number of Protons
2.7.3 Number of Neutrons
2.8.6 Number of Electrons
2.10 Radius of an Atom
2.10.1 Atomic Radius
151.00 pm174.00 pm
112
265
2.10.5 Covalent Radius
144.00 pm187.00 pm
96
260
2.11.2 Van der Waals Radius
158.00 pm221.00 pm
139
348
3.2 Atomic Weight
112.41 amu174.97 amu
6.94
294
3.6 Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol17.78 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
3.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
3.8.1 Previous Element
3.8.2 Next Element
3.9 Valence Electron Potential
30.00 (-eV)50.90 (-eV)
8
392.42
3.12 Lattice Constant
297.94 pm350.31 pm
228.58
891.25
4.2 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
4.3 Lattice C/A Ratio
5 Mechanical
5.1 Density
5.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
8.65 g/cm39.84 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
5.6.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.00 g/cm39.30 g/cm3
0.512
20
5.10 Tensile Strength
5.13 Viscosity
6.2 Vapor Pressure
6.2.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
6.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
6.6 Elasticity properties
6.6.1 Shear Modulus
19.00 GPa27.20 GPa
1.3
222
6.7.4 Bulk Modulus
42.00 GPa47.60 GPa
1.6
462
6.9.2 Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa68.60 GPa
1.7
528
6.11 Poisson Ratio
6.14 Other Mechanical Properties
7 Magnetic
7.1 Magnetic Characteristics
7.1.1 Specific Gravity
7.2.1 Magnetic Ordering
7.2.2 Permeability
7.5.1 Susceptibility
9.2 Electrical Properties
9.2.1 Electrical Property
9.2.2 Resistivity
72.70 nΩ·m582.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
9.2.6 Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
9.3.2 Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
10 Thermal
10.1 Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)0.15 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
10.3 Molar Heat Capacity
26.02 J/mol·K26.86 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
10.4 Thermal Conductivity
96.60 W/m·K16.40 W/m·K
6.3
429
10.5 Critical Temperature
10.6 Thermal Expansion
30.80 µm/(m·K)9.90 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
11.3 Enthalpy
11.3.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
100.00 kJ/mol355.90 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
12.1.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
6.19 kJ/mol18.70 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
12.2.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
113.00 kJ/mol398.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
12.5 Standard Molar Entropy
51.80 J/mol.K51.00 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1