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Cadmium
Cadmium

Vanadium
Vanadium



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Cadmium vs Vanadium

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Cd
V
1.2 Group Number
125
Gadolinium
0 17
1.3 Period Number
54
Lithium
2 7
1.4 Block
d block
d block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74404397440622
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
1.8 Space Group Number
194.00229.00
Plutonium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
  • Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
  • It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
  • It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
  • Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
2.2 Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer
Andrés Manuel del Río
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1817
In 1801
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %1 * 10-4 %
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
3.1.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000006 %~0.00004 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
3.1.3 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.01 %
Gold
1.7E-07 22
3.2.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.02 %
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
3.2.3 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
3.3.1 Abundance In Humans
0.00 %0.00 %
Radium
1E-13 1.4
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
  • It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
  • Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
  • Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
  • Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
4.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
Toxic
Toxic
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.4 In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium
0 1970
4.3.2 In Bone
1.80 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
Plutonium
0 170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
320.90 °C1,890.00 °C
Francium
27 3410
5.3 Boiling Point
765.00 °C3,380.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
5.4 Appearance
5.4.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
5.4.2 Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Blue-Silver Grey
5.4.3 Luster
Metallic
Metallic
5.5 Hardness
5.5.1 Mohs Hardness
2.006.70
Cesium
0.2 8.5
5.6.2 Brinell Hardness
203.00 MPa600.00 MPa
Cesium
0.14 3490
5.6.4 Vickers Hardness
NA628.00 MPa
Palladium
121 3430
5.7 Speed of Sound
2,310.00 m/s4,560.00 m/s
Thallium
818 16200
5.8 Optical Properties
5.8.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
5.8.3 Reflectivity
67.00 %61.00 %
Molybdenum
58 97
5.9 Allotropes
5.9.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.9.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.9.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6 Chemical
6.1 Chemical Formula
Cd
V
6.2 Isotopes
6.2.1 Known Isotopes
3422
Tennessine
0 38
6.3 Electronegativity
6.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.691.63
Francium
0.7 2.54
6.3.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
1.981.39
Cesium
0.22 2.56
6.4.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.461.45
Cesium
0.86 1.82
6.4.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.53NA
Cesium
0.62 2.48
6.5.1 Allen Electronegativity
1.521.53
Cesium
0.659 2.7
6.7 Electropositivity
6.7.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.312.37
Gold
1.46 3.3
6.8 Ionization Energies
6.8.1 1st Energy Level
867.80 kJ/mol650.90 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
6.9.1 2nd Energy Level
1,631.40 kJ/mol1,414.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
6.9.2 3rd Energy Level
3,616.00 kJ/mol2,830.00 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
6.9.3 4th Energy Level
NA4,507.00 kJ/mol
Thorium
2780 37066
6.9.4 5th Energy Level
NA6,298.70 kJ/mol
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
6.9.5 6th Energy Level
NA12,363.00 kJ/mol
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
6.9.6 7th Energy level
NA14,530.00 kJ/mol
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
6.9.7 8th Energy Level
NA16,730.00 kJ/mol
Hassium
8857.4 125300
6.9.8 9th Energy Level
NA19,860.00 kJ/mol
Yttrium
14110 134700
6.9.9 10th Energy Level
NA22,240.00 kJ/mol
Strontium
17100 144300
6.9.10 11th Energy Level
NA24,670.00 kJ/mol
Yttrium
19900 169988
6.9.11 12th Energy Level
NA29,730.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum
22219 189368
6.9.12 13th Energy Level
NA32,446.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum
26930 76015
6.9.13 14th Energy Level
NA86,450.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum
29196 86450
6.9.14 15th Energy Level
NA94,170.00 kJ/mol
Manganese
41987 97510
6.9.15 16th Energy Level
NA102,300.00 kJ/mol
Iron
47206 109480
6.9.16 17th Energy Level
NA112,700.00 kJ/mol
Cobalt
52737 122200
6.9.17 18th Energy Level
NA121,600.00 kJ/mol
Nickel
58570 134810
6.9.18 19th Energy Level
NA130,700.00 kJ/mol
Copper
64702 148700
6.9.19 20th Energy Level
NA143,400.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum
80400 171200
6.9.20 21st Energy Level
NA151,440.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum
87000 179100
6.9.21 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
6.9.22 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
6.9.23 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
6.9.24 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
6.9.25 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
6.9.26 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
6.9.27 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
6.9.28 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
6.9.29 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
6.10 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr0.38 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
6.11 Electron Work Function
4.22 eV4.30 eV
Cesium
2.14 5.65
6.12 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
7 Atomic
7.1 Atomic Number
4823
Lithium
3 117
7.2 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2
[Ar] 3d3 4s2
7.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
7.3.1 Crystal Lattice
7.4 Atom
7.4.1 Number of Protons
4823
Lithium
3 117
7.4.2 Number of Neutrons
6428
Lithium
4 184
7.4.3 Number of Electrons
4823
Lithium
3 117
7.5 Radius of an Atom
7.5.1 Atomic Radius
151.00 pm134.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
7.5.2 Covalent Radius
144.00 pm153.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
7.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
158.00 pm200.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
7.6 Atomic Weight
112.41 amu50.94 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
7.7 Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol8.78 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
7.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
7.8.1 Previous Element
7.8.2 Next Element
7.9 Valence Electron Potential
30.00 (-eV)120.00 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
7.10 Lattice Constant
297.94 pm303.00 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
7.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
7.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
1.89NA
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
8 Mechanical
8.1 Density
8.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
8.65 g/cm36.00 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
8.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.00 g/cm35.50 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
8.2 Tensile Strength
62.00 MPa800.00 MPa
Indium
2.5 11000
8.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
8.4 Vapor Pressure
8.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NANA
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
8.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NA0.23 (Pa)
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
8.5 Elasticity properties
8.5.1 Shear Modulus
19.00 GPa47.00 GPa
Potassium
1.3 222
8.5.2 Bulk Modulus
42.00 GPa160.00 GPa
Cesium
1.6 462
8.5.3 Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa128.00 GPa
Cesium
1.7 528
8.6 Poisson Ratio
0.300.37
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
8.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
9 Magnetic
9.1 Magnetic Characteristics
9.1.1 Specific Gravity
8.655.96
Lithium
0.53 4500
9.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
9.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
9.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
9.2 Electrical Properties
9.2.1 Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Superconductor
9.2.2 Resistivity
72.70 nΩ·m197.00 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
9.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω0.05 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
9.2.4 Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol50.60 kJ/mol
Mercury
0 222.8
10 Thermal
10.1 Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)0.49 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
10.2 Molar Heat Capacity
26.02 J/mol·K24.89 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
10.3 Thermal Conductivity
96.60 W/m·K30.70 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
10.4 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
10.5 Thermal Expansion
30.80 µm/(m·K)8.40 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
10.6 Enthalpy
10.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
100.00 kJ/mol458.60 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
10.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
6.19 kJ/mol17.57 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
10.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
113.00 kJ/mol514.60 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
10.7 Standard Molar Entropy
51.80 J/mol.K28.90 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1