Calcium

Magnesium

Calcium vs Magnesium

Calcium

Magnesium

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

0 17

1.3 Period Number

2 7

1.4 Block

s block

1.5 Element Family

Alkaline Earth

1.6 CAS Number

74407027439954

7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

Fm_ 3m

P63/mmc

1.8 Space Group Number

225.00194.00

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.

It is found in the compound state.

Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.

Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.

2.2 Sources

Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals

By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Humphry Davy

Joseph Black

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1808

In 1755

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

7 * 10^-3 %6 * 10^-2 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.3 Abundance In Sun

~0.007 %~0.07 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.6 Abundance In Meteorites

1.10 %12.00 %

1.7E-07 22

2.5.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust

5.00 %2.90 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.6.1 Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %0.13 %

2E-23 1.1

2.6.2 Abundance In Humans

1.40 %0.03 %

1E-13 1.4

4 Uses

4.1 Uses & Benefits

It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.

Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.

4.1.1 Industrial Uses

Chemical Industry

Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry

4.1.2 Medical Uses

Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry

4.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys

Surgical Instruments Manufacturing

4.2 Biological Properties

4.2.1 Toxicity

Non Toxic

4.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

4.2.3 In Blood

60.50 Blood/mg dm-337.80 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

4.5.2 In Bone

170,000.00 p.p.m.1,800.00 p.p.m.

0 170000

5 Physical

5.1 Melting Point

839.00 °C650.00 °C

27 3410

5.2 Boiling Point

1,484.00 °C1,107.00 °C

147 5660

5.3 Appearance

5.3.1 Physical State

Solid

5.3.2 Color

Gray

5.3.3 Luster

5.4 Hardness

5.4.1 Mohs Hardness

1.752.50

0.2 8.5

5.5.2 Brinell Hardness

170.00 MPa260.00 MPa

0.14 3490

5.5.5 Vickers Hardness

NANA

121 3430

5.7 Speed of Sound

3,810.00 m/s4,940.00 m/s

818 16200

5.9 Optical Properties

5.9.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

5.9.2 Reflectivity

NA74.00 %

58 97

5.12 Allotropes

✔ ✘

5.12.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

5.12.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

5.12.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

6 Chemical

6.1 Chemical Formula

6.2 Isotopes

6.2.1 Known Isotopes

1915

0 38

6.4 Electronegativity

6.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity

1.001.31

0.7 2.54

6.6.1 Sanderson Electronegativity

0.951.32

0.22 2.56

7.1.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.041.23

0.86 1.82

7.1.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

1.081.37

0.62 2.48

7.2.1 Allen Electronegativity

1.031.29

0.659 2.7

7.5 Electropositivity

7.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity

3.002.69

1.46 3.3

7.6 Ionization Energies

7.6.1 1st Energy Level

589.80 kJ/mol737.70 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

7.6.3 2nd Energy Level

1,145.40 kJ/mol1,450.70 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

7.7.2 3rd Energy Level

4,912.40 kJ/mol7,732.70 kJ/mol

1600 34230

7.7.4 4th Energy Level

6,491.00 kJ/mol10,542.50 kJ/mol

2780 37066

7.7.6 5th Energy Level

8,153.00 kJ/mol13,630.00 kJ/mol

4305.2 97510

7.8.1 6th Energy Level

10,496.00 kJ/mol18,020.00 kJ/mol

5715.8 105800

8.1.2 7th Energy level

12,270.00 kJ/mol21,711.00 kJ/mol

7226.8 114300

8.1.4 8th Energy Level

14,206.00 kJ/mol25,661.00 kJ/mol

8857.4 125300

8.1.6 9th Energy Level

18,191.00 kJ/mol31,653.00 kJ/mol

14110 134700

8.1.8 10th Energy Level

20,385.00 kJ/mol35,458.00 kJ/mol

17100 144300

8.2.3 11th Energy Level

57,110.00 kJ/mol169,988.00 kJ/mol

19900 169988

8.2.5 12th Energy Level

63,410.00 kJ/mol189,368.00 kJ/mol

22219 189368

8.2.6 13th Energy Level

70,110.00 kJ/molNA

26930 76015

8.2.8 14th Energy Level

78,890.00 kJ/molNA

29196 86450

9.1.1 15th Energy Level

86,310.00 kJ/molNA

41987 97510

9.2.1 16th Energy Level

94,000.00 kJ/molNA

47206 109480

9.3.1 17th Energy Level

104,900.00 kJ/molNA

52737 122200

9.3.2 18th Energy Level

111,711.00 kJ/molNA

58570 134810

9.4.1 19th Energy Level

NANA

64702 148700

9.5.1 20th Energy Level

NANA

80400 171200

9.5.2 21st Energy Level

NANA

87000 179100

9.6.2 22nd Energy Level

NANA

93400 184900

9.6.4 23rd Energy Level

NANA

98420 198800

9.6.5 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

9.6.7 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

9.6.8 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

9.7.1 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

9.7.2 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

9.7.3 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

9.7.4 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

9.8 Electrochemical Equivalent

0.75 g/amp-hr0.45 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

9.9 Electron Work Function

2.87 eV3.66 eV

2.14 5.65

9.10 Other Chemical Properties

Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility

Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility

10 Atomic

10.1 Atomic Number

2012

3 117

10.2 Electron Configuration

[Ar] 4s²

[Ne] 3s²

10.3 Crystal Structure

Face Centered Cubic (FCC)

Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)

10.3.1 Crystal Lattice

10.4 Atom

10.4.1 Number of Protons

2012

3 117

10.4.2 Number of Neutrons

2012

4 184

10.4.3 Number of Electrons

2012

3 117

10.5 Radius of an Atom

10.5.1 Atomic Radius

197.00 pm160.00 pm

112 265

10.5.2 Covalent Radius

176.00 pm141.00 pm

96 260

10.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

231.00 pm173.00 pm

139 348

10.6 Atomic Weight

40.08 amu24.31 amu

6.94 294

10.7 Atomic Volume

29.90 cm3/mol13.97 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

10.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

10.8.1 Previous Element

10.8.2 Next Element

10.9 Valence Electron Potential

29.00 (-eV)40.00 (-eV)

8 392.42

10.10 Lattice Constant

558.84 pm320.94 pm

228.58 891.25

10.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

10.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

NANA

1.567 1.886

11 Mechanical

11.1 Density

11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

1.55 g/cm³1.74 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

11.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

1.38 g/cm31.58 g/cm3

0.512 20

11.2 Tensile Strength

NANA

2.5 11000

11.3 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

11.4 Vapor Pressure

11.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

25.50 (Pa)NA

2.47E-11 121

11.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

NANA

2.62E-10 774

11.5 Elasticity properties

11.5.1 Shear Modulus

7.40 GPa17.00 GPa

1.3 222

11.5.2 Bulk Modulus

17.00 GPa45.00 GPa

1.6 462

11.5.3 Young's Modulus

20.00 GPa45.00 GPa

1.7 528

11.6 Poisson Ratio

0.310.29

0.032 0.47

11.7 Other Mechanical Properties

12 Magnetic

12.1 Magnetic Characteristics

12.1.1 Specific Gravity

4.581.74

0.53 4500

12.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Diamagnetic

Paramagnetic

12.1.3 Permeability

NANA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

12.1.4 Susceptibility

NANA

-0.000166 200000

12.2 Electrical Properties

12.2.1 Electrical Property

Conductor

12.2.2 Resistivity

33.60 nΩ·m43.90 nΩ·m

0.18 961

12.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

0.30 10⁶/cm Ω0.23 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

12.2.4 Electron Affinity

2.37 kJ/mol0.00 kJ/mol

0 222.8

13 Thermal

13.1 Specific Heat

0.63 J/(kg K)1.02 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

13.2 Molar Heat Capacity

25.93 J/mol·K24.87 J/mol·K

16.443 62.7

13.3 Thermal Conductivity

201.00 W/m·K156.00 W/m·K

6.3 429

13.4 Critical Temperature

NANA

26.3 3223

13.5 Thermal Expansion

22.30 µm/(m·K)24.80 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

13.6 Enthalpy

13.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

150.00 kJ/mol128.70 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

13.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

8.54 kJ/mol8.95 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

13.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

184.00 kJ/mol148.50 kJ/mol

61.5 837

13.7 Standard Molar Entropy

41.60 J/mol.K32.70 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

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