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Californium vs Bismuth

Californium
Bismuth
Bismuth vs Californium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cf  
Bi  
Group Number
3  
15
15  
3
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
f block  
p block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440713  
20
7440699  
22
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
C12/m1  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
12.00  
15
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Claude François Geoffroy  
Discovery
In 1950  
In 1753  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
38
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
14
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3  
20
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.20 p.p.m.  
27
Physical
Melting Point
900.00 °C  
99+
271.30 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,470.00 °C  
99+
1,560.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silver  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00  
13
2.25  
16
Brinell Hardness
170.00 MPa  
99+
70.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,800.00 MPa  
7
30.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
1,790.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
2.50  
5
Reflectivity
63.00 %  
20
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cf  
Bi  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20  
19
33  
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.02  
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
2.34  
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.67  
7
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.15  
8
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
2.01  
5
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
1.98  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
2nd Energy Level
1,206.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,610.00 kJ/mol  
34
3rd Energy Level
2,267.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,466.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,599.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,370.00 kJ/mol  
38
5th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,520.00 kJ/mol  
29
7th Energy level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
37
9th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
10th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
38
11th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
36
12th Energy Level
60,800.00 kJ/mol  
14
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
32
14th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
30
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
22
15th Energy Level
62,400.00 kJ/mol  
39
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
28
16th Energy Level
62,400.00 kJ/mol  
29
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
23
17th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
6,085.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
19th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
40
20th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
21st Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
16
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
12
22nd Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
39
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
23rd Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
17
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
10
24th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
27
25th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
26th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
27th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
28th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
29th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
30th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.12 g/amp-hr  
17
2.60 g/amp-hr  
23
Electron Work Function
4.70 eV  
15
4.22 eV  
29
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
98  
20
83  
33
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f10 7s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100  
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
98  
20
83  
33
Number of Neutrons
153  
10
126  
19
Number of Electrons
98  
20
83  
33
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm  
11
156.00 pm  
31
Covalent Radius
186.00 pm  
21
148.00 pm  
38
Van der Waals Radius
244.00 pm  
14
207.00 pm  
33
Atomic Weight
251.00 amu  
17
208.98 amu  
29
Atomic Volume
15.10 cm3/mol  
99+
21.30 cm3/mol  
23
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Berkelium
  
Lead
  
Next Element
Einsteinium
  
Polonium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.50 (-eV)  
39
41.90 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
338.00 pm  
99+
667.40 pm  
2
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
34
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.10 g/cm3  
21
9.78 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
15.10 g/cm3  
22
10.05 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
50.00 MPa  
38
32.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
29
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
29.00 GPa  
29
12.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
40.00 GPa  
38
31.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
32.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.33  
11
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable, Sectile  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.10  
24
9.79  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
8
0.00 H/m  
20
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
36
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
6.20 nΩ·m  
99+
1.29 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω  
23
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
97.00 kJ/mol  
12
91.20 kJ/mol  
13
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
26.70 J/mol·K  
33
25.52 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K  
99+
7.97 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
900.00 K  
99+
544.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
11.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
34
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
311.40 kJ/mol  
99+
151.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.10 kJ/mol  
21
10.90 kJ/mol  
39
Enthalpy of Atomization
-  
207.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
50.00 J/mol.K  
99+
56.70 J/mol.K  
32
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