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Bismuth vs Californium

Bismuth
Californium
Californium vs Bismuth


Periodic Table
Symbol
Bi   
Cf   
Group Number
15   
3
Not Available   
Period Number
6   
7   
Block
p block   
f block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7440699   
22
7440713   
20
Space Group Name
C12/m1   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
12.00   
12
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy   
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Discovery
In 1753   
In 1950   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %   
25
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.000006 %   
14
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
24
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Nuclear Research   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3   
20
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
0.20 p.p.m.   
22
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
271.30 °C   
99+
900.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C   
99+
1,470.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.25   
15
3.00   
12
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa   
99+
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/s   
99+
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Bi   
Cf   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33   
6
20   
19
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.02   
6
1.30   
32
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.34   
3
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.67   
6
1.20   
27
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.15   
4
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
2.01   
4
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.98   
99+
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol   
35
608.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol   
33
1,206.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,267.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol   
28
3,599.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol   
30
Not Available   
6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/mol   
19
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr   
19
3.12 g/amp-hr   
15
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV   
22
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
83   
33
98   
20
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3   
[Rn] 5f10 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
83   
33
98   
20
Number of Neutrons
126   
18
153   
9
Number of Electrons
83   
33
98   
20
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm   
29
186.00 pm   
9
Covalent Radius
148.00 pm   
36
Not Available   
Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm   
26
Not Available   
Atomic Weight
208.98 amu   
29
251.00 amu   
17
Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol   
14
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lead
  
Berkelium
  
Next Element
Polonium
  
Einsteinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)   
99+
44.50 (-eV)   
38
Lattice Constant
667.40 pm   
2
338.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm3   
39
15.10 g/cm3   
21
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm3   
18
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
31.00 GPa   
38
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
32.00 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.33   
11
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Malleable, Sectile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.79   
30
15.10   
13
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Permeability
0.00 H/m   
6
Not Available   
Susceptibility
0.00   
6
Not Available   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Unknown   
Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m   
99+
Not Available   
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Not Available   
Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol   
11
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K   
99+
Not Available   
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol   
33
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K   
24
Not Available   
Periodic Table >>
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