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Californium vs Uranium

Californium
Uranium
Uranium vs Californium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cf   
U   
Group Number
Not Available   
0   
18
Period Number
7   
7   
Block
f block   
f block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7440713   
20
7440611   
28
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Cmcm   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
63.00   
10
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
  • Major mining countries of Uranium include Russia, Australia, Namibia, Canada and Niger and total 33% Uranium are mine in Kazakhstan.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions   
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Not Available   
Discovery
In 1950   
In 1789   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
2 * 10-8 %   
29
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
36
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
11
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
  • The main use of this metal include nuclear fuel which is used to generate electricity yin nuclear power stations.
  • Synthetic elements like transuranium are made from Uranium metal.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research   
Alloys, Jewellery, Nuclear Reactor's Fuel, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
Not Available   
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
900.00 °C   
99+
1,132.00 °C   
39
Boiling Point
1,470.00 °C   
99+
3,818.00 °C   
16
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silvery Gray   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00   
12
6.00   
6
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
2,350.00 MPa   
2
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,960.00 MPa   
2
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
3,155.00 m/s   
25
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cf   
U   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20   
19
25   
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
1.38   
28
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20   
27
1.22   
26
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
2.62   
26
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol   
99+
597.60 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,206.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,420.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,267.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,900.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,599.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,145.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.12 g/amp-hr   
15
1.48 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
3.63 eV   
30
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
98   
20
92   
26
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f10 7s2   
[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Orthorhombic (ORTH)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100   
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Uranium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
98   
20
92   
26
Number of Neutrons
153   
9
146   
13
Number of Electrons
98   
20
92   
26
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm   
9
156.00 pm   
29
Covalent Radius
Not Available   
196.00 pm   
14
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
186.00 pm   
33
Atomic Weight
251.00 amu   
17
238.03 amu   
21
Atomic Volume
Not Available   
12.59 cm3/mol   
40
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Berkelium
  
Protactinium
  
Next Element
Einsteinium
  
Neptunium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.50 (-eV)   
38
170.00 (-eV)   
4
Lattice Constant
338.00 pm   
99+
295.08 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.10 g/cm3   
21
19.10 g/cm3   
17
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
17.30 g/cm3   
7
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.01 (Pa)   
20
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
111.00 GPa   
10
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
100.00 GPa   
16
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
208.00 GPa   
10
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.23   
30
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable, Sectile   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.10   
13
18.80   
10
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Unknown   
Poor Conductor   
Resistivity
Not Available   
0.28 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.04 106/cm Ω   
37
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available   
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
27.67 J/mol·K   
15
Thermal Conductivity
Not Available   
27.50 W/m·K   
40
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
13.90 µm/(m·K)   
27
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
477.00 kJ/mol   
13
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available   
489.50 kJ/mol   
14
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
50.20 J/mol.K   
31
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