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Uranium vs Californium


Californium vs Uranium


Periodic Table

Symbol
U   
Cf   

Group Number
0   
18
Not Available   

Period Number
7   
7   

Block
f block   
f block   

Element Family
Actinide   
Actinide   

CAS Number
7440611   
28
7440713   
20

Space Group Name
Cmcm   
P63/mmc   

Space Group Number
63.00   
10
194.00   
5

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Major mining countries of Uranium include Russia, Australia, Namibia, Canada and Niger and total 33% Uranium are mine in Kazakhstan.
  
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  

Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Not Available   
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   

Discovery
In 1789   
In 1950   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-8 %   
29
Not Available   

Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~-9999 %   

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
36
Not Available   

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
11
Not Available   

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • The main use of this metal include nuclear fuel which is used to generate electricity yin nuclear power stations.
  • Synthetic elements like transuranium are made from Uranium metal.
  
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  

Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry   
Chemical Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Nuclear Reactor's Fuel, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys, Nuclear Research   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Toxic   
Toxic   

Present in Human Body
No   
No   

In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37

In Bone
Not Available   
0.00 p.p.m.   
36

Physical Properties

Melting Point
1,132.00 °C   
39
900.00 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
3,818.00 °C   
16
1,470.00 °C   
99+

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery Gray   
Silver   

Luster
Metallic   
NA   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
6.00   
6
3.00   
12

Brinell Hardness
2,350.00 MPa   
2
Not Available   

Vickers Hardness
1,960.00 MPa   
2
Not Available   

Speed of Sound
3,155.00 m/s   
25
Not Available   

Optical Properties
  
  

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
U   
Cf   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
25   
14
20   
19

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.38   
28
1.30   
32

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22   
26
1.20   
27

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.62   
26
2.70   
22

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol   
99+
608.00 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,420.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,206.00 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
1,900.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,267.00 kJ/mol   
99+

4th Energy Level
3,145.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,599.00 kJ/mol   
99+

Electrochemical Equivalent
1.48 g/amp-hr   
99+
3.12 g/amp-hr   
15

Electron Work Function
3.63 eV   
30
Not Available   

Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
92   
26
98   
20

Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2   
[Rn] 5f10 7s2   

Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   

Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Uranium.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
92   
26
98   
20

Number of Neutrons
146   
13
153   
9

Number of Electrons
92   
26
98   
20

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
156.00 pm   
29
186.00 pm   
9

Covalent Radius
196.00 pm   
14
Not Available   

Van der Waals Radius
186.00 pm   
33
Not Available   

Atomic Weight
238.03 amu   
21
251.00 amu   
17

Atomic Volume
12.59 cm3/mol   
40
Not Available   

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Berkelium
  

Next Element
Neptunium
  

Valence Electron Potential
170.00 (-eV)   
4
44.50 (-eV)   
38

Lattice Constant
295.08 pm   
99+
338.00 pm   
99+

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
19.10 g/cm3   
17
15.10 g/cm3   
21

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.30 g/cm3   
7
Not Available   

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.01 (Pa)   
20
Not Available   

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
111.00 GPa   
10
Not Available   

Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa   
16
Not Available   

Young's Modulus
208.00 GPa   
10
Not Available   

Poisson Ratio
0.23   
30
Not Available   

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Malleable, Sectile   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
18.80   
10
15.10   
13

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Poor Conductor   
Unknown   

Resistivity
0.28 nΩ·m   
99+
Not Available   

Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm Ω   
37
Not Available   

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Not Available   

Molar Heat Capacity
27.67 J/mol·K   
15
Not Available   

Thermal Conductivity
27.50 W/m·K   
40
Not Available   

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
13.90 µm/(m·K)   
27
Not Available   

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
477.00 kJ/mol   
13
Not Available   

Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
Not Available   

Enthalpy of Atomization
489.50 kJ/mol   
14
Not Available   

Standard Molar Entropy
50.20 J/mol.K   
31
Not Available   

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