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Uranium Californium Comparison

Uranium
Californium
Californium Uranium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
U   
Cf   
Group Number
0   
18
Not Available   
Period Number
7   
7   
Block
f block   
f block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7440611   
28
7440713   
20
Space Group Name
Cmcm   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
63.00   
10
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Major mining countries of Uranium include Russia, Australia, Namibia, Canada and Niger and total 33% Uranium are mine in Kazakhstan.
  
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Not Available   
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Discovery
In 1789   
In 1950   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-8 %   
29
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
36
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
11
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The main use of this metal include nuclear fuel which is used to generate electricity yin nuclear power stations.
  • Synthetic elements like transuranium are made from Uranium metal.
  
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Nuclear Reactor's Fuel, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys, Nuclear Research   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
Not Available   
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,132.00 °C   
39
900.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,818.00 °C   
16
1,470.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00   
6
3.00   
12
Brinell Hardness
2,350.00 MPa   
2
Not Available   
Vickers Hardness
1,960.00 MPa   
2
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
3,155.00 m/s   
25
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
U   
Cf   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
25   
14
20   
19
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.38   
28
1.30   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22   
26
1.20   
27
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.62   
26
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol   
99+
608.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,420.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,206.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,900.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,267.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,145.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,599.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.48 g/amp-hr   
99+
3.12 g/amp-hr   
15
Electron Work Function
3.63 eV   
30
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
92   
26
98   
20
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2   
[Rn] 5f10 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Uranium.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
92   
26
98   
20
Number of Neutrons
146   
13
153   
9
Number of Electrons
92   
26
98   
20
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm   
29
186.00 pm   
9
Covalent Radius
196.00 pm   
14
Not Available   
Van der Waals Radius
186.00 pm   
33
Not Available   
Atomic Weight
238.03 amu   
21
251.00 amu   
17
Atomic Volume
12.59 cm3/mol   
40
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Protactinium
  
Berkelium
  
Next Element
Neptunium
  
Einsteinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
170.00 (-eV)   
4
44.50 (-eV)   
38
Lattice Constant
295.08 pm   
99+
338.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.10 g/cm3   
17
15.10 g/cm3   
21
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.30 g/cm3   
7
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.01 (Pa)   
20
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
111.00 GPa   
10
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa   
16
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
208.00 GPa   
10
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.23   
30
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Malleable, Sectile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
18.80   
10
15.10   
13
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor   
Unknown   
Resistivity
0.28 nΩ·m   
99+
Not Available   
Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm Ω   
37
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
27.67 J/mol·K   
15
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
27.50 W/m·K   
40
Not Available   
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
13.90 µm/(m·K)   
27
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
477.00 kJ/mol   
13
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Atomization
489.50 kJ/mol   
14
Not Available   
Standard Molar Entropy
50.20 J/mol.K   
31
Not Available   
Summary >>
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