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Cerium vs Indium

Cerium
Indium
Indium vs Cerium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ce  
In  
Group Number
Not Available  
13  
5
Period Number
6  
5  
Block
f block  
p block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440451  
99+
7440746  
17
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
I4/mmm  
Space Group Number
194.00  
5
139.00  
8
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
  • It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
  • Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
  
  • Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
  • Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger  
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter  
Discovery
In 1803  
In 1863  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %  
16
3 * 10-8 %  
28
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %  
23
~0.0000004 %  
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
18
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
33
0.00 %  
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
  • Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
  
  • It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
  • Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry  
Medical Uses
Medical Research  
Medical Research  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Moderately Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
30
Not Available  
In Bone
2.70 p.p.m.  
14
Not Available  
Physical Properties
Melting Point
795.00 °C  
99+
156.61 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,257.00 °C  
23
2,000.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery Gray  
Luster
Lustrous  
Lustrous  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
14
1.20  
20
Brinell Hardness
186.00 MPa  
99+
8.80 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
210.00 MPa  
32
Not Available  
Speed of Sound
2,100.00 m/s  
99+
1,215.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ce  
In  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
30  
9
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.12  
99+
1.78  
16
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available  
2.14  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.08  
31
1.49  
13
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available  
1.76  
10
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available  
1.66  
18
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.88  
11
2.22  
38
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
534.40 kJ/mol  
99+
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,820.70 kJ/mol  
18
3rd Energy Level
1,949.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,704.00 kJ/mol  
39
4th Energy Level
3,547.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,210.00 kJ/mol  
17
5th Energy Level
6,325.00 kJ/mol  
22
Not Available  
6th Energy Level
7,490.00 kJ/mol  
21
Not Available  
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.74 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.43 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
2.84 eV  
39
4.12 eV  
24
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
58  
99+
49  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2  
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100  
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
58  
99+
49  
99+
Number of Neutrons
82  
99+
66  
99+
Number of Electrons
58  
99+
49  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
181.80 pm  
12
167.00 pm  
24
Covalent Radius
204.00 pm  
8
142.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
235.00 pm  
17
193.00 pm  
31
Atomic Weight
140.12 amu  
99+
114.82 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
20.67 cm3/mol  
17
15.70 cm3/mol  
33
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lanthanum
  
Cadmium
  
Next Element
Praseodymium
  
Tin
  
Valence Electron Potential
41.78 (-eV)  
99+
54.00 (-eV)  
25
Lattice Constant
362.00 pm  
34
325.23 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
7.31 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.55 g/cm3  
38
7.02 g/cm3  
33
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
2.50 MPa  
21
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
34
0.01 (Pa)  
11
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
1.04 (Pa)  
13
Not Available  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
13.50 GPa  
99+
Not Available  
Bulk Modulus
21.50 GPa  
99+
Not Available  
Young's Modulus
33.60 GPa  
99+
11.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.24  
27
Not Available  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.77  
99+
7.31  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
828.00 nΩ·m  
3
83.70 nΩ·m  
34
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.12 106/cm Ω  
17
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
21
28.90 kJ/mol  
31
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)  
32
0.23 J/(kg K)  
27
Molar Heat Capacity
26.94 J/mol·K  
23
26.74 J/mol·K  
25
Thermal Conductivity
11.30 W/m·K  
99+
81.80 W/m·K  
21
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
6.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
32.10 µm/(m·K)  
9
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
414.00 kJ/mol  
16
226.40 kJ/mol  
40
Enthalpy of Fusion
5.46 kJ/mol  
99+
3.28 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
381.00 kJ/mol  
23
242.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
72.00 J/mol.K  
12
57.80 J/mol.K  
22
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