1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
2.2 Period Number
2.3 Block
2.4 Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
2.5 CAS Number
74404517440268
7429905
54386242
2.6 Space Group Name
2.7 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
- It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
- Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
- Original name of Technetium was Masurium.
- At the time of its discovery it found in sample of Molybdenum.
4.4 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Made by Bombarding Molybdenum with Deuterons
4.5 History
4.5.1 Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger
Emilio Segrè and Carlo Perriero
4.5.2 Discovery
4.6 Abundance
4.6.1 Abundance In Universe
4.7.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
4.8.1 Abundance In Meteorites
4.9.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
4.9.4 Abundance In Oceans
4.9.5 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
- Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
- Technetium is a radioactive metal and hence it is used for medical studies and other research purposes.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
5.1.2 Medical Uses
5.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
Moderately Toxic
Low Toxic
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
5.3.1 In Bone
2.70 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
795.00 °C2,200.00 °C
27
3410
6.2 Boiling Point
3,257.00 °C4,877.00 °C
147
5660
6.3 Appearance
6.3.1 Physical State
6.3.2 Color
6.3.3 Luster
6.4 Hardness
6.4.1 Mohs Hardness
6.4.2 Brinell Hardness
6.4.3 Vickers Hardness
6.5 Speed of Sound
2,100.00 m/s16,200.00 m/s
818
16200
6.6 Optical Properties
6.6.1 Refractive Index
6.6.2 Reflectivity
6.7 Allotropes
6.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7 Chemical
7.1 Chemical Formula
7.2 Isotopes
7.2.1 Known Isotopes
7.3 Electronegativity
7.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
7.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
7.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
7.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
7.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
7.4 Electropositivity
7.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
7.5 Ionization Energies
7.5.1 1st Energy Level
534.40 kJ/mol702.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
7.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol1,470.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
7.5.3 3rd Energy Level
1,949.00 kJ/mol2,850.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
7.5.4 4th Energy Level
3,547.00 kJ/molNA
2780
37066
7.5.5 5th Energy Level
6,325.00 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
7.5.6 6th Energy Level
7,490.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
7.5.7 7th Energy level
7.5.8 8th Energy Level
7.5.9 9th Energy Level
7.5.10 10th Energy Level
7.5.11 11th Energy Level
7.5.12 12th Energy Level
7.5.13 13th Energy Level
7.5.14 14th Energy Level
7.5.15 15th Energy Level
7.5.16 16th Energy Level
7.5.17 17th Energy Level
7.5.18 18th Energy Level
7.5.19 19th Energy Level
7.5.20 20th Energy Level
7.5.21 21st Energy Level
7.5.22 22nd Energy Level
7.5.23 23rd Energy Level
7.5.24 24th Energy Level
7.5.25 25th Energy Level
7.5.26 26th Energy Level
7.5.27 27th Energy Level
7.5.28 28th Energy Level
7.5.29 29th Energy Level
7.5.30 30th Energy Level
7.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.74 g/amp-hr0.52 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
7.7 Electron Work Function
7.8 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
8 Atomic
8.1 Atomic Number
8.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2
[Kr] 4d5 5s2
8.3 Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
8.3.1 Crystal Lattice
8.4 Atom
8.4.1 Number of Protons
8.4.2 Number of Neutrons
8.4.3 Number of Electrons
8.5 Radius of an Atom
8.5.1 Atomic Radius
181.80 pm136.00 pm
112
265
8.5.2 Covalent Radius
204.00 pm147.00 pm
96
260
8.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
235.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
8.6 Atomic Weight
140.12 amu98.00 amu
6.94
294
8.7 Atomic Volume
20.67 cm3/mol8.50 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
8.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
8.8.1 Previous Element
8.8.2 Next Element
8.9 Valence Electron Potential
41.78 (-eV)180.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
8.10 Lattice Constant
362.00 pm273.50 pm
228.58
891.25
8.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
8.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
9 Mechanical
9.1 Density
9.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm311.00 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
9.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.2 Tensile Strength
9.3 Viscosity
9.4 Vapor Pressure
9.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
9.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
9.5 Elasticity properties
9.5.1 Shear Modulus
9.5.2 Bulk Modulus
9.5.3 Young's Modulus
9.6 Poisson Ratio
9.7 Other Mechanical Properties
10 Magnetic
10.1 Magnetic Characteristics
10.1.1 Specific Gravity
10.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
10.1.3 Permeability
10.1.4 Susceptibility
10.2 Electrical Properties
10.2.1 Electrical Property
10.2.2 Resistivity
828.00 nΩ·m200.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
10.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.07 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
10.2.4 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol53.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
11 Thermal
11.1 Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)0.21 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
11.2 Molar Heat Capacity
26.94 J/mol·K24.27 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
11.3 Thermal Conductivity
11.30 W/m·K50.60 W/m·K
6.3
429
11.4 Critical Temperature
11.5 Thermal Expansion
6.30 µm/(m·K)7.10 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
11.6 Enthalpy
11.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
414.00 kJ/mol660.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
11.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
5.46 kJ/mol23.01 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
11.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
381.00 kJ/mol649.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
11.7 Standard Molar Entropy
72.00 J/mol.K181.10 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1