Cesium

Scandium

Cesium Scandium Comparison

Cesium

Scandium

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

0 17

2.5 Period Number

2 7

2.6 Block

s block

d block

2.7 Element Family

Alkali

Transition Metal

2.8 CAS Number

74404627440202

7429905 54386242

2.9 Space Group Name

Im_ 3m

P63/mmc

2.10 Space Group Number

229.00194.00

11 229

3 Facts

3.1 Interesting Facts

Not Available

Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .

3.2 Sources

Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals

3.3 History

3.3.1 Who Discovered

Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff

Lars Fredrik Nilson

3.3.2 Discovery

In 1860

In 1879

3.4 Abundance

3.4.1 Abundance In Universe

8 * 10^-8 %3 * 10^-6 %

5E-09 0.11

3.4.3 Abundance In Sun

~0.0000008 %~0.000004 %

1E-08 0.1

3.4.5 Abundance In Meteorites

0.00 %0.00 %

1.7E-07 22

3.4.6 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.00 %0.00 %

9.9E-12 8.1

3.4.7 Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

3.4.9 Abundance In Humans

0.00 %NA

1E-13 1.4

4 Uses

4.1 Uses & Benefits

The most common use of cesium metal is as a drilling fluid. It is also used in optical glass manufacturing.
In vacuum tubes and radiation monitor equipment this metal is used as a catalyst promoter.

Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.

4.1.1 Industrial Uses

Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

4.1.2 Medical Uses

4.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys

4.2 Biological Properties

4.2.1 Toxicity

Mildly Toxic

Non Toxic

4.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

4.2.3 In Blood

0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.01 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

5.2.4 In Bone

0.05 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.

0 170000

6 Physical

6.1 Melting Point

28.50 °C1,539.00 °C

27 3410

1.3 Boiling Point

678.40 °C2,832.00 °C

147 5660

1.4 Appearance

1.4.1 Physical State

Solid

1.4.2 Color

Silvery Gold

Silvery White

1.4.3 Luster

Lustrous

1.5 Hardness

1.5.1 Mohs Hardness

0.20NA

0.2 8.5

2.1.1 Brinell Hardness

0.14 MPa750.00 MPa

0.14 3490

2.2.1 Vickers Hardness

NANA

121 3430

2.4 Speed of Sound

NANA

818 16200

2.8 Optical Properties

2.8.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

2.8.2 Reflectivity

NANA

58 97

2.11 Allotropes

✔ ✘

2.11.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

2.11.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

2.11.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

3 Chemical

3.1 Chemical Formula

3.2 Isotopes

3.2.1 Known Isotopes

3613

0 38

3.5 Electronegativity

3.5.1 Pauling Electronegativity

0.791.36

0.7 2.54

3.5.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

0.221.02

0.22 2.56

4.4.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

0.861.20

0.86 1.82

4.4.3 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

0.62NA

0.62 2.48

4.4.6 Allen Electronegativity

0.661.19

0.659 2.7

4.5 Electropositivity

4.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity

3.212.64

1.46 3.3

4.7 Ionization Energies

4.7.1 1st Energy Level

375.70 kJ/mol633.10 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

4.7.2 2nd Energy Level

2,234.30 kJ/mol1,235.00 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

4.7.4 3rd Energy Level

3,400.00 kJ/mol2,388.60 kJ/mol

1600 34230

4.8.3 4th Energy Level

NA7,090.60 kJ/mol

2780 37066

5.1.2 5th Energy Level

NA8,843.00 kJ/mol

4305.2 97510

5.2.4 6th Energy Level

NA10,679.00 kJ/mol

5715.8 105800

6.2.3 7th Energy level

NA13,310.00 kJ/mol

7226.8 114300

6.2.4 8th Energy Level

NA15,250.00 kJ/mol

8857.4 125300

7.1.1 9th Energy Level

NA17,370.00 kJ/mol

14110 134700

7.2.2 10th Energy Level

NA21,726.00 kJ/mol

17100 144300

7.3.2 11th Energy Level

NA24,102.00 kJ/mol

19900 169988

7.5.2 12th Energy Level

NA66,320.00 kJ/mol

22219 189368

7.5.5 13th Energy Level

NA73,010.00 kJ/mol

26930 76015

7.5.7 14th Energy Level

NA80,160.00 kJ/mol

29196 86450

7.5.10 15th Energy Level

NA89,490.00 kJ/mol

41987 97510

7.7.2 16th Energy Level

NA97,400.00 kJ/mol

47206 109480

7.8.2 17th Energy Level

NA105,600.00 kJ/mol

52737 122200

7.9.3 18th Energy Level

NA117,000.00 kJ/mol

58570 134810

7.9.6 19th Energy Level

NA124,270.00 kJ/mol

64702 148700

8.2.2 20th Energy Level

NANA

80400 171200

8.2.4 21st Energy Level

NANA

87000 179100

8.3.2 22nd Energy Level

NANA

93400 184900

8.3.4 23rd Energy Level

NANA

98420 198800

8.3.7 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

8.3.8 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

8.3.11 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

8.3.13 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

8.3.16 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

8.3.17 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

8.3.20 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

8.4 Electrochemical Equivalent

4.96 g/amp-hr0.56 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

8.6 Electron Work Function

2.14 eV3.50 eV

2.14 5.65

8.8 Other Chemical Properties

Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility

Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility

9 Atomic

9.1 Atomic Number

5521

3 117

9.2 Electron Configuration

[Xe] 6s¹

[Ar] 3d¹ 4s²

9.3 Crystal Structure

Body Centered Cubic (BCC)

Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)

9.3.1 Crystal Lattice

9.4 Atom

9.4.1 Number of Protons

5521

3 117

9.4.4 Number of Neutrons

7824

4 184

9.4.8 Number of Electrons

5521

3 117

9.5 Radius of an Atom

9.5.1 Atomic Radius

265.00 pm162.00 pm

112 265

9.5.2 Covalent Radius

244.00 pm170.00 pm

96 260

9.5.5 Van der Waals Radius

343.00 pm211.00 pm

139 348

9.6 Atomic Weight

132.91 amu44.96 amu

6.94 294

9.7 Atomic Volume

71.07 cm3/mol15.00 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

9.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

9.8.1 Previous Element

9.8.2 Next Element

9.9 Valence Electron Potential

8.62 (-eV)58.00 (-eV)

8 392.42

9.10 Lattice Constant

614.10 pm330.90 pm

228.58 891.25

9.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

9.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

NA1.59

1.567 1.886

10 Mechanical

10.1 Density

10.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

1.93 g/cm³2.99 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

10.1.5 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

1.84 g/cm32.80 g/cm3

0.512 20

10.2 Tensile Strength

NANA

2.5 11000

10.4 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

10.5 Vapor Pressure

10.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

NA0.00 (Pa)

2.47E-11 121

10.6.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

NA91.30 (Pa)

2.62E-10 774

11.2 Elasticity properties

11.2.1 Shear Modulus

NA29.10 GPa

1.3 222

11.5.2 Bulk Modulus

1.60 GPa56.60 GPa

1.6 462

11.5.6 Young's Modulus

1.70 GPa74.40 GPa

1.7 528

11.6 Poisson Ratio

NA0.28

0.032 0.47

11.8 Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile

12 Magnetic

12.1 Magnetic Characteristics

12.1.1 Specific Gravity

1.872.99

0.53 4500

12.1.4 Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

12.1.5 Permeability

NANA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

12.1.8 Susceptibility

NANA

-0.000166 200000

12.2 Electrical Properties

12.2.1 Electrical Property

Semiconductor

Conductor

12.2.2 Resistivity

205.00 nΩ·m562.00 nΩ·m

0.18 961

12.3.3 Electrical Conductivity

0.05 10⁶/cm Ω0.02 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

12.4.2 Electron Affinity

45.50 kJ/mol18.10 kJ/mol

0 222.8

13 Thermal

13.1 Specific Heat

0.24 J/(kg K)0.60 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

13.4 Molar Heat Capacity

32.21 J/mol·K25.52 J/mol·K

16.443 62.7

15.2 Thermal Conductivity

35.90 W/m·K15.80 W/m·K

6.3 429

15.6 Critical Temperature

1,938.00 KNA

26.3 3223

15.7 Thermal Expansion

97.00 µm/(m·K)10.20 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

15.9 Enthalpy

15.9.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

65.90 kJ/mol314.20 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

15.11.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

2.10 kJ/mol14.10 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

15.11.4 Enthalpy of Atomization

78.20 kJ/mol343.00 kJ/mol

61.5 837

15.14 Standard Molar Entropy

85.20 J/mol.K34.60 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

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