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Chemical Properties of Europium and Gadolinium

Europium
Gadolinium
Chemical Properties of Gadolinium and Europium


Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Eu   
Gd   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31   
8
26   
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.20   
39
1.20   
39
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.01   
22
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.11   
29
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available   
2.80   
15
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol   
99+
593.40 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,085.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,170.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,404.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,990.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol   
33
4,250.00 kJ/mol   
30
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.89 g/amp-hr   
33
1.96 g/amp-hr   
32
Electron Work Function
2.50 eV   
99+
3.10 eV   
35
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
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