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Chemical Properties of Ruthenium and Copper

Ruthenium
Copper
Chemical Properties of Copper and Ruthenium


Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ru   
Cu   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26   
13
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20   
4
1.90   
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.98   
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42   
18
1.75   
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.49   
14
Allen Electronegativity
1.54   
25
1.85   
9
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80   
99+
2.10   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol   
32
745.50 kJ/mol   
22
2nd Energy Level
710.22 kJ/mol   
99+
1,957.90 kJ/mol   
15
3rd Energy Level
2,747.00 kJ/mol   
37
3,555.00 kJ/mol   
15
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
5,536.00 kJ/mol   
12
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,700.00 kJ/mol   
11
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,900.00 kJ/mol   
10
7th Energy level
Not Available   
13,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
16,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
19,200.00 kJ/mol   
9
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
22,400.00 kJ/mol   
11
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
25,600.00 kJ/mol   
13
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
35,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
38,700.00 kJ/mol   
6
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
42,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
46,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
50,200.00 kJ/mol   
10
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
53,700.00 kJ/mol   
12
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
61,100.00 kJ/mol   
10
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
64,702.00 kJ/mol   
11
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
163,700.00 kJ/mol   
2
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
174,100.00 kJ/mol   
2
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
184,900.00 kJ/mol   
1
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
198,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.26 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.19 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.71 eV   
9
4.65 eV   
11
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
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