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Chromium vs Lithium


Lithium vs Chromium


Periodic Table

Symbol
Cr   
Li   

Group Number
6   
12
1   
17

Period Number
4   
2   

Block
d block   
s block   

Element Family
Transition Metal   
Alkali   

CAS Number
7440473   
39
7439932   
99+

Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Im_ 3m   

Space Group Number
229.00   
1
229.00   
1

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
  • Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
  • Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
  

Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin   
Johan August Arfwedson   

Discovery
In Between 1797 - 1798   
In 1817   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
1.5 * 10-3 %   
7
6 * 10-7 %   
18

Abundance In Sun
~0.002 %   
7
~0.00017 %   
11

Abundance In Meteorites
0.30 %   
7
0.00 %   
22

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %   
13
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
16
0.00 %   
15

Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
16
0.00 %   
16

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
  • The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
  • it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
  

Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
NA   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   

In Blood
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3   
12
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
27

In Bone
0.33 p.p.m.   
21
1.30 p.p.m.   
17

Physical Properties

Melting Point
1,857.00 °C   
14
180.54 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
2,672.00 °C   
39
1,347.00 °C   
99+

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silver   
Silvery White   

Luster
Metallic   
NA   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
8.50   
1
0.60   
21

Brinell Hardness
687.00 MPa   
16
5.00 MPa   
99+

Vickers Hardness
1,060.00 MPa   
10
Not Available   

Speed of Sound
5,940.00 m/s   
5
6,000.00 m/s   
3

Optical Properties
  
  

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Cr   
Li   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
21   
18
8   
30

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.66   
18
0.98   
99+

Sanderson Electronegativity
1.66   
14
0.89   
26

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.56   
10
0.97   
38

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.97   
19

Allen Electronegativity
1.65   
19
0.91   
99+

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.34   
36
3.02   
8

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol   
1
520.20 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol   
1
7,298.10 kJ/mol   
3

3rd Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol   
1
11,815.00 kJ/mol   
4

4th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   

5th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   

6th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   

7th Energy level
114,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   

8th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   

9th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   

10th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   

11th Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol   
12
Not Available   

12th Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol   
13
Not Available   

13th Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol   
10
Not Available   

14th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol   
12
Not Available   

15th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   

16th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   

17th Energy Level
114,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   

18th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   

19th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   

20th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/mol   
7
Not Available   

21st Energy Level
157,700.00 kJ/mol   
7
Not Available   

22nd Energy Level
166,090.00 kJ/mol   
6
Not Available   

Electrochemical Equivalent
0.32 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.26 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
4.50 eV   
14
2.90 eV   
37

Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
24   
99+
3   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s1   
[He] 2s1   

Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   

Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
24   
99+
3   
99+

Number of Neutrons
28   
99+
4   
99+

Number of Electrons
24   
99+
3   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
128.00 pm   
99+
152.00 pm   
31

Covalent Radius
139.00 pm   
99+
128.00 pm   
99+

Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
182.00 pm   
35

Atomic Weight
52.00 amu   
99+
6.94 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
7.23 cm3/mol   
99+
13.10 cm3/mol   
39

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Vanadium
  
No Previous Element   

Next Element
Manganese
  
Beryllium
  

Valence Electron Potential
170.00 (-eV)   
4
19.00 (-eV)   
99+

Lattice Constant
291.00 pm   
99+
351.00 pm   
99+

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
7.19 g/cm3   
99+
0.53 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.30 g/cm3   
40
0.51 g/cm3   
99+

Tensile Strength
689.00 MPa   
7
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
24
109.00 (Pa)   
2

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
774.00 (Pa)   
1
Not Available   

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
115.00 GPa   
9
4.20 GPa   
99+

Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa   
11
11.00 GPa   
99+

Young's Modulus
279.00 GPa   
8
4.90 GPa   
99+

Poisson Ratio
0.21   
32
Not Available   

Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
7.19   
99+
0.53   
99+

Magnetic Ordering
Antiferromagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
NA   
Conductor   

Resistivity
125.00 nΩ·m   
27
92.80 nΩ·m   
33

Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω   
25
0.11 106/cm Ω   
19

Electron Affinity
64.30 kJ/mol   
15
59.60 kJ/mol   
16

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.45 J/(kg K)   
12
3.60 J/(kg K)   
1

Molar Heat Capacity
23.35 J/mol·K   
99+
24.86 J/mol·K   
99+

Thermal Conductivity
93.90 W/m·K   
17
84.80 W/m·K   
20

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
3,223.00 K   
1

Thermal Expansion
4.90 µm/(m·K)   
99+
46.00 µm/(m·K)   
7

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
348.80 kJ/mol   
24
134.70 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Fusion
15.31 kJ/mol   
20
3.00 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Atomization
397.50 kJ/mol   
21
160.70 kJ/mol   
99+

Standard Molar Entropy
23.80 J/mol.K   
99+
29.10 J/mol.K   
99+

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