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Curium vs Ruthenium

Curium
Ruthenium
Ruthenium vs Curium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cm  
Ru  
Group Number
3  
15
8  
10
Period Number
7  
5  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440519  
36
7440188  
99+
Space Group Name
-  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Curium metal does not occur free in nature.
  • Curium metal is a synthetically produced metal.
  
  • Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
  • Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
  
Sources
Bombarding Plutonium with Helium Ions  
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Albert Ghiorso  
Karl Ernst Claus  
Discovery
In 1944  
In 1844  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
35
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
38
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Curium metal is used to provide power to electrical equipment for space missions.
  
  • It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
  • Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Medical Research  
Other Uses
Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,340.00 °C  
34
2,250.00 °C  
8
Boiling Point
3,110.00 °C  
31
3,900.00 °C  
14
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.00  
17
6.50  
5
Brinell Hardness
320.00 MPa  
40
2,160.00 MPa  
3
Vickers Hardness
461.00 MPa  
37
1,160.00 MPa  
14
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
5,970.00 m/s  
7
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
2.60  
4
Reflectivity
60.00 %  
23
6.00 %  
38
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cm  
Ru  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
15  
24
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.42  
19
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.54  
28
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
710.20 kJ/mol  
32
2nd Energy Level
1,196.00 kJ/mol  
99+
710.22 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,026.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,747.00 kJ/mol  
38
4th Energy Level
3,550.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,107.00 kJ/mol  
12
5th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,107.00 kJ/mol  
27
6th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,107.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
37
8th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
6,690.00 kJ/mol  
37
5,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
35
11th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
32
12th Energy Level
58,100.00 kJ/mol  
19
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
29
14th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
40
710.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
58,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
71,000.00 kJ/mol  
25
16th Energy Level
58,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
71,000.00 kJ/mol  
21
17th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
710.20 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
31
19th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
710.20 kJ/mol  
38
20th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
710.00 kJ/mol  
32
21st Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
20
710.20 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
710.00 kJ/mol  
26
23rd Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
20
710.20 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
710.20 kJ/mol  
25
25th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
710.00 kJ/mol  
26
26th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
710.20 kJ/mol  
25
27th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
710.20 kJ/mol  
25
28th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
710.20 kJ/mol  
30
29th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
710.20 kJ/mol  
31
30th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
710.00 kJ/mol  
25
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.07 g/amp-hr  
19
1.26 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.50 eV  
19
4.71 eV  
14
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
96  
22
44  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f7 6d1 7s2  
[Kr] 4d7 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Curium.jpg#100  
rystal-Structure-of-Ruthenium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
96  
22
44  
99+
Number of Neutrons
151  
11
57  
99+
Number of Electrons
96  
22
44  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
174.00 pm  
22
134.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
169.00 pm  
28
146.00 pm  
40
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
247.00 amu  
18
101.07 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
18.28 cm3/mol  
38
8.30 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Americium
  
Technetium
  
Next Element
Berkelium
  
Rhodium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.50 (-eV)  
39
64.00 (-eV)  
22
Lattice Constant
336.25 pm  
99+
270.59 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.67  
11
1.58  
33
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.51 g/cm3  
26
12.45 g/cm3  
29
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.85 g/cm3  
25
10.65 g/cm3  
37
Tensile Strength
350.00 MPa  
12
50.00 MPa  
38
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
0.00 (Pa)  
23
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
32.00 GPa  
24
173.00 GPa  
4
Bulk Modulus
40.00 GPa  
38
220.00 GPa  
7
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
447.00 GPa  
3
Poisson Ratio
0.35  
9
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.51  
28
12.45  
31
Magnetic Ordering
Antiferromagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
1.25 nΩ·m  
99+
71.00 nΩ·m  
38
Electrical Conductivity
0.13 106/cm Ω  
19
0.14 106/cm Ω  
18
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
101.30 kJ/mol  
11
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.24 J/(kg K)  
24
Molar Heat Capacity
27.50 J/mol·K  
21
24.06 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
11.00 W/m·K  
99+
117.00 W/m·K  
13
Critical Temperature
1,340.00 K  
99+
2,607.00 K  
9
Thermal Expansion
11.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
6.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
331.60 kJ/mol  
40
567.80 kJ/mol  
13
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.00 kJ/mol  
22
25.50 kJ/mol  
7
Enthalpy of Atomization
-  
603.00 kJ/mol  
10
Standard Molar Entropy
52.50 J/mol.K  
36
28.50 J/mol.K  
99+
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