Group Number
Not Available
Element Family
Transition Metal
Actinide
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
I4/mmm
Interesting Facts
- Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
- Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
- Protactinium metal has 29 isotopes.
- Isotopes of Protactinium-231 used in nuclear weapon.
Sources
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Uranium Ores, Mining, Ores of metals
Who Discovered
Karl Ernst Claus
William Crookes
Discovery
In 1844
In 1900
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Uses & Benefits
- It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
- Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
- Currently known uses of Protactinium metal are limited to research purpose only.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
Medical Uses
Medical Research
NA
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
Speed of Sound
Not Available
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Pauling Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
Pauling Electropositivity
4th Energy Level
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
Electron Work Function
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d7 5s1
[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Tetragonal (TETR)
Crystal Lattice
rystal-Structure-of-Ruthenium.jpg#100
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Protactinium.jpg#100
Valence Electron Potential
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Density At Room Temperature
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
Shear Modulus
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
Young's Modulus
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Unknown
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Electron Affinity
Not Available
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available