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Dubnium vs Calcium

Dubnium
Calcium
Calcium vs Dubnium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Db  
Ca  
Group Number
5  
13
2  
16
Period Number
7  
4  
Block
d block  
s block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Alkaline Earth  
CAS Number
53850354  
14
7440702  
21
Space Group Name
-  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
166.00  
9
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • IUPAC allotted a temporary name to Dubnium metal as “ Unnilpentium”.
  • In the production of Dubnium, thermal gradient chromatography is used.
  
  • Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
  • It is found in the compound state.
  • Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
  
Sources
Produced by Bombarding Am243 with Ne22, Synthetically Produced  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  
Humphry Davy  
Discovery
In 1968  
In 1808  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.01 %  
4
Abundance In Sun
-  
0.01 %  
4
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
1.10 %  
4
Abundance In Earth's Crust
-  
5.00 %  
3
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
5
Abundance In Humans
-  
1.40 %  
1
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Dubnium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
  • Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3  
4
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
170,000.00 p.p.m.  
1
Physical
Melting Point
-  
839.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
0.00 °C  
99+
1,484.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
-  
Gray  
Luster
Unknown Luster  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
1.75  
18
Brinell Hardness
330.00 MPa  
38
170.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa  
99+
170.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
3,810.00 m/s  
26
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.20  
99+
1.54  
35
Reflectivity
55.00 %  
27
60.00 %  
23
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Db  
Ca  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
10  
28
19  
20
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
5
1.00  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
0.95  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.04  
35
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.10  
99+
1.08  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.03  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
3.00  
9
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
664.80 kJ/mol  
38
589.80 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,546.70 kJ/mol  
39
1,145.40 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,378.40 kJ/mol  
99+
4,912.40 kJ/mol  
7
4th Energy Level
3,298.80 kJ/mol  
99+
6,491.00 kJ/mol  
15
5th Energy Level
4,305.20 kJ/mol  
99+
8,153.00 kJ/mol  
11
6th Energy Level
12,900.00 kJ/mol  
5
10,496.00 kJ/mol  
14
7th Energy level
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,270.00 kJ/mol  
12
8th Energy Level
5,280.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14,206.00 kJ/mol  
15
9th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18,191.00 kJ/mol  
12
10th Energy Level
8,830.00 kJ/mol  
22
20,385.00 kJ/mol  
16
11th Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
57,110.00 kJ/mol  
3
12th Energy Level
88,300.00 kJ/mol  
2
63,410.00 kJ/mol  
9
13th Energy Level
4,760.00 kJ/mol  
99+
70,110.00 kJ/mol  
3
14th Energy Level
1,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
78,890.00 kJ/mol  
4
15th Energy Level
33,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
86,310.00 kJ/mol  
11
16th Energy Level
33,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
94,000.00 kJ/mol  
6
17th Energy Level
1,129.00 kJ/mol  
19
104,900.00 kJ/mol  
7
18th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
111,711.00 kJ/mol  
8
19th Energy Level
1,094.90 kJ/mol  
18
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
590.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
883.00 kJ/mol  
36
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
330.00 kJ/mol  
99+
590.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
1,150.00 kJ/mol  
33
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
528.30 kJ/mol  
99+
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
590.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
579.80 kJ/mol  
99+
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
1,150.00 kJ/mol  
3
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
1,094.00 kJ/mol  
5
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
590.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
0.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
2.87 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
105  
13
20  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d3 7s2  
[Ar] 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
105  
13
20  
99+
Number of Neutrons
157  
8
20  
99+
Number of Electrons
105  
13
20  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
197.00 pm  
8
Covalent Radius
149.00 pm  
37
176.00 pm  
24
Van der Waals Radius
0.00 pm  
99+
231.00 pm  
23
Atomic Weight
268.00 amu  
10
40.08 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
22.80 cm3/mol  
17
29.90 cm3/mol  
10
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rutherfordium
  
Potassium
  
Next Element
Seaborgium
  
Scandium
  
Valence Electron Potential
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
29.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
-  
558.84 pm  
10
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.63  
14
1.55  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
29.30 g/cm3  
5
1.55 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
29.30 g/cm3  
6
1.38 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
0.10 MPa  
99+
20.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
6
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
25.50 (Pa)  
3
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
34.00 GPa  
22
7.40 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
39.00 GPa  
39
17.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
20.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.39  
5
0.31  
13
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
39.00  
3
4.58  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
9
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
6.80 nΩ·m  
99+
33.60 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.30 106/cm Ω  
6
Electron Affinity
-  
2.37 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.63 J/(kg K)  
7
Molar Heat Capacity
29.30 J/mol·K  
11
25.93 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
201.00 W/m·K  
5
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
1,115.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
13.20 µm/(m·K)  
37
22.30 µm/(m·K)  
20
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
289.70 kJ/mol  
99+
150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
-  
8.54 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
-  
184.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
55.00 J/mol.K  
34
41.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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