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Dubnium vs Niobium

Dubnium
Niobium
Niobium vs Dubnium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Db  
Nb  
Group Number
5  
13
5  
13
Period Number
7  
5  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
53850354  
14
7440031  
99+
Space Group Name
-  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
166.00  
9
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • IUPAC allotted a temporary name to Dubnium metal as “ Unnilpentium”.
  • In the production of Dubnium, thermal gradient chromatography is used.
  
  • Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
  • Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
  
Sources
Produced by Bombarding Am243 with Ne22, Synthetically Produced  
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  
Charles Hatchett  
Discovery
In 1968  
In 1801  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
-  
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
35
Abundance In Earth's Crust
-  
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
34
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Dubnium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
  • It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
25
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.07 p.p.m.  
30
Physical
Melting Point
-  
2,468.00 °C  
6
Boiling Point
0.00 °C  
99+
2,468.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
-  
Gray  
Luster
Unknown Luster  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
330.00 MPa  
38
735.00 MPa  
15
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa  
99+
870.00 MPa  
19
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
3,480.00 m/s  
31
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.20  
99+
2.30  
8
Reflectivity
55.00 %  
27
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Db  
Nb  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
10  
28
17  
22
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
5
1.60  
24
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.42  
20
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.23  
26
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.10  
99+
1.60  
22
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.41  
35
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
2.40  
31
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
664.80 kJ/mol  
38
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,546.70 kJ/mol  
39
1,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,378.40 kJ/mol  
99+
2,416.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,298.80 kJ/mol  
99+
3,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
4,305.20 kJ/mol  
99+
4,877.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
12,900.00 kJ/mol  
5
9,847.00 kJ/mol  
17
7th Energy level
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,100.00 kJ/mol  
14
8th Energy Level
5,280.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
8,830.00 kJ/mol  
22
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
88,300.00 kJ/mol  
2
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
4,760.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
1,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
691.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
33,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
65,200.00 kJ/mol  
35
16th Energy Level
33,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
1,129.00 kJ/mol  
19
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
37
19th Energy Level
1,094.90 kJ/mol  
18
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
652.00 kJ/mol  
38
21st Energy Level
883.00 kJ/mol  
36
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
330.00 kJ/mol  
99+
694.00 kJ/mol  
30
23rd Energy Level
1,150.00 kJ/mol  
33
4,490.00 kJ/mol  
30
24th Energy Level
528.30 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
33
25th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
35
26th Energy Level
579.80 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
34
27th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
35
28th Energy Level
1,150.00 kJ/mol  
3
652.10 kJ/mol  
40
29th Energy Level
1,094.00 kJ/mol  
5
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
652.00 kJ/mol  
37
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
0.69 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
4.30 eV  
25
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
105  
13
41  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d3 7s2  
[Kr] 4d4 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
105  
13
41  
99+
Number of Neutrons
157  
8
52  
99+
Number of Electrons
105  
13
41  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
146.00 pm  
37
Covalent Radius
149.00 pm  
37
164.00 pm  
30
Van der Waals Radius
0.00 pm  
99+
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
268.00 amu  
10
92.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
22.80 cm3/mol  
17
10.87 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rutherfordium
  
Zirconium
  
Next Element
Seaborgium
  
Molybdenum
  
Valence Electron Potential
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
104.00 (-eV)  
8
Lattice Constant
-  
330.04 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.63  
14
1.47  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
29.30 g/cm3  
5
8.57 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
29.30 g/cm3  
6
8.57 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
0.10 MPa  
99+
330.00 MPa  
14
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
22
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
16
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
36
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
34.00 GPa  
22
38.00 GPa  
20
Bulk Modulus
39.00 GPa  
39
170.00 GPa  
10
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
105.00 GPa  
22
Poisson Ratio
0.39  
5
0.40  
4
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
39.00  
3
8.57  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
4
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
30
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
6.80 nΩ·m  
99+
152.00 nΩ·m  
23
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.07 106/cm Ω  
33
Electron Affinity
-  
86.10 kJ/mol  
14
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.26 J/(kg K)  
20
Molar Heat Capacity
29.30 J/mol·K  
11
24.60 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
53.70 W/m·K  
29
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
2,750.00 K  
7
Thermal Expansion
13.20 µm/(m·K)  
37
7.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
289.70 kJ/mol  
99+
696.60 kJ/mol  
5
Enthalpy of Fusion
-  
27.20 kJ/mol  
6
Enthalpy of Atomization
-  
745.00 kJ/mol  
4
Standard Molar Entropy
55.00 J/mol.K  
34
36.40 J/mol.K  
99+
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