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Dubnium vs Thallium

Dubnium
Thallium
Thallium vs Dubnium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Db  
Tl  
Group Number
5  
13
13  
5
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
d block  
p block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
53850354  
14
7440280  
99+
Space Group Name
-  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
166.00  
9
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • IUPAC allotted a temporary name to Dubnium metal as “ Unnilpentium”.
  • In the production of Dubnium, thermal gradient chromatography is used.
  
  • Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
  • Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
  
Sources
Produced by Bombarding Am243 with Ne22, Synthetically Produced  
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  
William Crookes  
Discovery
In 1968  
In 1861  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
33
Abundance In Sun
-  
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
-  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
34
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Dubnium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
  • In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Medical Research  
Other Uses
Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
38
Physical
Melting Point
-  
303.50 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
0.00 °C  
99+
1,457.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
-  
Silvery White  
Luster
Unknown Luster  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
1.20  
21
Brinell Hardness
330.00 MPa  
38
26.50 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa  
99+
120.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
818.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.20  
99+
1.90  
18
Reflectivity
55.00 %  
27
8.00 %  
37
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Db  
Tl  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
10  
28
32  
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
5
1.62  
22
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
2.25  
6
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.44  
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.10  
99+
1.96  
11
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.79  
16
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
2.38  
33
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
664.80 kJ/mol  
38
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,546.70 kJ/mol  
39
1,971.00 kJ/mol  
14
3rd Energy Level
2,378.40 kJ/mol  
99+
2,878.00 kJ/mol  
32
4th Energy Level
3,298.80 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
17
5th Energy Level
4,305.20 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
12,900.00 kJ/mol  
5
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,280.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
8,830.00 kJ/mol  
22
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
88,300.00 kJ/mol  
2
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
4,760.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
1,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
37
15th Energy Level
33,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
58,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
33,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
58,900.00 kJ/mol  
38
17th Energy Level
1,129.00 kJ/mol  
19
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
1,094.90 kJ/mol  
18
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
883.00 kJ/mol  
36
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
330.00 kJ/mol  
99+
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
1,150.00 kJ/mol  
33
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
528.30 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
579.80 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
1,150.00 kJ/mol  
3
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
1,094.00 kJ/mol  
5
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
7.63 g/amp-hr  
2
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
3.84 eV  
39
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
105  
13
81  
35
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d3 7s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
105  
13
81  
35
Number of Neutrons
157  
8
123  
21
Number of Electrons
105  
13
81  
35
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
170.00 pm  
24
Covalent Radius
149.00 pm  
37
145.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
0.00 pm  
99+
196.00 pm  
37
Atomic Weight
268.00 amu  
10
204.38 amu  
31
Atomic Volume
22.80 cm3/mol  
17
17.20 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rutherfordium
  
Mercury
  
Next Element
Seaborgium
  
Lead
  
Valence Electron Potential
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
9.60 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
-  
345.66 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.63  
14
1.60  
23
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
29.30 g/cm3  
5
11.85 g/cm3  
33
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
29.30 g/cm3  
6
11.22 g/cm3  
33
Tensile Strength
0.10 MPa  
99+
47.00 MPa  
39
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
22
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
16.90 (Pa)  
5
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
38
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
34.00 GPa  
22
2.80 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
39.00 GPa  
39
43.00 GPa  
33
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
8.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.39  
5
0.45  
2
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Sectile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
39.00  
3
11.85  
35
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
28
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
6.80 nΩ·m  
99+
0.18 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.06 106/cm Ω  
37
Electron Affinity
-  
19.20 kJ/mol  
38
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
29.30 J/mol·K  
11
26.32 J/mol·K  
37
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
46.10 W/m·K  
33
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
577.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
13.20 µm/(m·K)  
37
29.90 µm/(m·K)  
12
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
289.70 kJ/mol  
99+
162.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
-  
4.27 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
-  
179.90 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
55.00 J/mol.K  
34
64.20 J/mol.K  
20
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