Dubnium vs Thorium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Db
Th
Group Number
5
13
0
18
Period Number
7
7
Block
d block
f block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Actinide
CAS Number
53850354
14
7440326
99+
Space Group Name
Not Available
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
Not Available
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- IUPAC allotted a temporary name to Dubnium metal as “ Unnilpentium”.
- In the production of Dubnium, thermal gradient chromatography is used.
- Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
- Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
Sources
Produced by Bombarding Am243 with Ne22, Synthetically Produced
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Jöns Jakob Berzelius
Discovery
In 1968
In 1829
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
3 * 10-4 %
9
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.0004 %
9
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.05 %
11
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
0.66 %
7
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Currently known uses of Dubnium metal are limited to research purpose only.
- Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
- compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Research Purposes
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Unknown
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
33
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
36
0.02 p.p.m.
29
Physical Properties
Melting Point
Not Available
1,750.00 °C
17
Boiling Point
Not Available
4,790.00 °C
8
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Unknown
Silver
Luster
Unknown Luster
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
3.00
12
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
390.00 MPa
29
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
295.00 MPa
29
Speed of Sound
Not Available
2,490.00 m/s
36
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Db
Th
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
10
28
28
11
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available
1.30
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Not Available
1.11
29
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
2.70
22
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
664.80 kJ/mol
38
587.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,546.70 kJ/mol
38
1,110.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,378.40 kJ/mol
99+
1,978.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
3,298.80 kJ/mol
99+
2,780.00 kJ/mol
99+
5th Energy Level
4,305.20 kJ/mol
39
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
Not Available
2.16 g/amp-hr
24
Electron Work Function
Not Available
3.41 eV
32
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
105
13
90
28
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d3 7s2
[Rn] 6d2 7s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
105
13
90
28
Number of Neutrons
157
7
142
15
Number of Electrons
105
13
90
28
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm
39
179.80 pm
15
Covalent Radius
149.00 pm
35
206.00 pm
7
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available
237.00 pm
15
Atomic Weight
268.00 amu
10
232.04 amu
23
Atomic Volume
Not Available
19.90 cm3/mol
20
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available
59.30 (-eV)
23
Lattice Constant
Not Available
508.42 pm
14
Lattice Angles
NA
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
29.30 g/cm3
5
11.72 g/cm3
32
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
22
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
31.00 GPa
21
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
54.00 GPa
22
Young's Modulus
Not Available
79.00 GPa
24
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.27
20
Other Mechanical Properties
Unknown
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
Not Available
11.70
23
Magnetic Ordering
Unknown
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Unknown
Superconductor
Resistivity
Not Available
157.00 nΩ·m
22
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available
0.07 106/cm Ω
31
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available
26.23 J/mol·K
30
Thermal Conductivity
Not Available
54.00 W/m·K
28
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
Not Available
11.00 µm/(m·K)
36
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
429.00 kJ/mol
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available
15.48 kJ/mol
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available
468.60 kJ/mol
15
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
27.30 J/mol.K
99+
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