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Einsteinium Polonium Comparison

Einsteinium
Polonium
Polonium Einsteinium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Es  
Po  
Group Number
13  
5
16  
2
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
f block  
p block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7429927  
99+
7440086  
99+
Space Group Name
-  
Pm-3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
221.00  
4
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Einsteinium is the transuranic element found in US.
  • Only 0.01 mg of Einsteinium was synthesized in 1961.
  
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Uranium with Neutrons  
Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie  
Discovery
In 1952  
In 1898  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
35
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Einsteinium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
860.00 °C  
99+
254.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
996.00 °C  
99+
962.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silver  
Luster
-  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
240.00 MPa  
99+
70.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
550.00 MPa  
31
30.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,850.00 m/s  
40
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
2.70  
3
Reflectivity
63.00 %  
20
50.00 %  
31
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
α-polonium  
β Allotropes
-  
β-polonium  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Es  
Po  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16  
23
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.54  
27
2.00  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
2.00  
10
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.76  
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.48  
1
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
2.19  
2
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
619.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
14
2nd Energy Level
1,216.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,833.20 kJ/mol  
17
3rd Energy Level
2,334.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,734.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,121.00 kJ/mol  
7
5th Energy Level
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
40
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
12
6th Energy Level
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
32
7th Energy level
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
8th Energy Level
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
9th Energy Level
4,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
23
10th Energy Level
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
27
11th Energy Level
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
12th Energy Level
61,900.00 kJ/mol  
12
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
39
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
19
14th Energy Level
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
28
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
18
15th Energy Level
61,900.00 kJ/mol  
40
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
15
16th Energy Level
61,900.00 kJ/mol  
30
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
12
17th Energy Level
619.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
32
18th Energy Level
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
21
19th Energy Level
619.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
29
20th Energy Level
619.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.00 kJ/mol  
22
21st Energy Level
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
15
812.10 kJ/mol  
40
22nd Energy Level
619.00 kJ/mol  
38
812.00 kJ/mol  
17
23rd Energy Level
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
15
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
619.40 kJ/mol  
40
812.10 kJ/mol  
13
25th Energy Level
619.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
26th Energy Level
619.40 kJ/mol  
40
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
27th Energy Level
619.40 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
10
28th Energy Level
619.40 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
16
29th Energy Level
619.40 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
15
30th Energy Level
619.40 kJ/mol  
99+
812.00 kJ/mol  
11
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.74 g/amp-hr  
5
3.90 g/amp-hr  
8
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
4.50 eV  
19
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
99  
19
84  
32
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f11 7s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Monoclinic (MON)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Einsteinium.jpg#100  
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
99  
19
84  
32
Number of Neutrons
153  
10
125  
20
Number of Electrons
99  
19
84  
32
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm  
11
168.00 pm  
25
Covalent Radius
186.00 pm  
21
140.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
0.00 pm  
99+
197.00 pm  
36
Atomic Weight
252.00 amu  
16
209.00 amu  
28
Atomic Volume
17.04 cm3/mol  
99+
22.23 cm3/mol  
22
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Californium
  
Bismuth
  
Next Element
Fermium
  
Francium
  
Valence Electron Potential
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
9.30 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
582.00 pm  
8
335.90 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.29  
99+
1.46  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.84 g/cm3  
99+
9.20 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.84 g/cm3  
99+
9.40 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
0.10 MPa  
99+
50.00 MPa  
38
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
26
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
24.00 GPa  
40
Bulk Modulus
40.00 GPa  
38
46.00 GPa  
28
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
46.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.33  
11
0.23  
30
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.84  
99+
9.32  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Nonmagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
15
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
6.30 nΩ·m  
99+
0.40 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω  
15
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
183.30 kJ/mol  
3
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
26.40 J/mol·K  
36
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
20.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,133.00 K  
99+
527.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
13.50 µm/(m·K)  
33
23.50 µm/(m·K)  
16
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
323.80 kJ/mol  
99+
60.30 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.80 kJ/mol  
24
13.00 kJ/mol  
32
Enthalpy of Atomization
-  
134.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
63.00 J/mol.K  
24
41.10 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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