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Polonium Einsteinium Comparison

Polonium
Einsteinium
Einsteinium Polonium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Po   
Es   
Group Number
16   
2
Not Available   
Period Number
6   
7   
Block
p block   
f block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7440086   
99+
7429927   
99+
Space Group Name
Pm-3m   
Not Available   
Space Group Number
221.00   
3
Not Available   
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
  • Einsteinium is the transuranic element found in US.
  • Only 0.01 mg of Einsteinium was synthesized in 1961.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Made by Bombarding Uranium with Neutrons   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie   
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Discovery
In 1898   
In 1952   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
  • Currently known uses of Einsteinium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
254.00 °C   
99+
860.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
962.00 °C   
99+
996.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silver   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
Yes   
No   
α Allotropes
α-polonium   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
β-polonium   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Po   
Es   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29   
10
16   
23
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00   
7
1.54   
26
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.76   
2
1.20   
27
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.48   
1
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
2.19   
2
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00   
99+
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol   
14
619.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
Not Available   
1,216.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
2,334.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
3,734.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.90 g/amp-hr   
8
4.74 g/amp-hr   
5
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
84   
32
99   
19
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4   
[Rn] 5f11 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Einsteinium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
84   
32
99   
19
Number of Neutrons
125   
19
153   
9
Number of Electrons
84   
32
99   
19
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
168.00 pm   
23
186.00 pm   
9
Covalent Radius
140.00 pm   
99+
Not Available   
Van der Waals Radius
197.00 pm   
29
Not Available   
Atomic Weight
209.00 amu   
28
252.00 amu   
16
Atomic Volume
22.23 cm3/mol   
13
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Bismuth
  
Californium
  
Next Element
Francium
  
Fermium
  
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available   
Not Available   
Lattice Constant
335.90 pm   
99+
Not Available   
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.20 g/cm3   
99+
8.84 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.40 g/cm3   
19
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.32   
31
Not Available   
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Unknown   
Resistivity
0.40 nΩ·m   
99+
Not Available   
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Not Available   
Electron Affinity
183.30 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K   
28
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
20.00 W/m·K   
99+
Not Available   
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
23.50 µm/(m·K)   
16
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
60.30 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.00 kJ/mol   
26
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Atomization
134.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
Not Available   
Summary >>
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