Symbol
Er
Fe
Group Number
38
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
64
2
7
👆🏻
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
74405207439896
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00229.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- Erbium metal is used as alloyed with Vanadium to make it softer.
- Recent studies shows that it is helpful for metabolism.
- Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
- The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
Sources
Mining
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander
-
Discovery
In 1842
Before 5000 BC
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %0.11 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %0.10 %
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %22.00 %
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %6.30 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %0.01 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- It has a tendency to get tarnished in the open air, but when alloyed with elements like erbium, vanadium, its hardness levels decreases.
- Its compounds like Erbium oxide is used in safety glasses of welders and metal workers.
- Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
- Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
-
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Mildly Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3447.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.380.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
1,522.00 °C1,535.00 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
2,510.00 °C2,750.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Gray
Luster
Lustrous
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.004.00
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
814.00 MPa200.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
589.00 MPa608.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
2,830.00 m/s5,120.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.762.60
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
36.00 %65.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
Ferrite (alpha Iron)
β Allotropes
-
beta Iron
γ Allotropes
-
gamma Iron
Chemical Formula
Er
Fe
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
3126
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.241.83
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.242.20
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.111.64
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.241.83
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.241.80
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.762.17
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol762.50 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,150.00 kJ/mol1,561.90 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
2,194.00 kJ/mol2,957.00 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol5,290.00 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
5,897.00 kJ/mol7,240.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
5,897.00 kJ/mol9,560.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
5,890.00 kJ/mol12,060.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol14,580.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
4,240.00 kJ/mol22,540.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol25,290.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol28,000.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol31,920.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol34,830.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol37,840.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
58,900.00 kJ/mol44,100.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
58,900.00 kJ/mol47,206.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol122,200.00 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol131,000.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol140,500.00 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
589.00 kJ/mol152,600.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
5,897.00 kJ/mol163,000.00 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
589.00 kJ/mol173,600.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol188,100.00 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol195,200.00 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
589.00 kJ/mol762.00 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol762.50 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol762.50 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol762.50 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol762.50 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
589.70 kJ/mol762.00 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.08 g/amp-hr0.69 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
5.93 eV4.70 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Number
6826
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f12 6s2
[Ar] 3d6 4s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
6826
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
9930
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
6826
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm126.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
189.00 pm132.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
0.00 pm200.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
167.26 amu55.85 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
18.40 cm3/mol7.10 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
49.00 (-eV)67.00 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
355.88 pm286.65 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.571.35
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
9.07 g/cm37.87 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.86 g/cm36.98 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
350.00 MPa11,000.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)36.80 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
28.30 GPa82.00 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
44.40 GPa170.00 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
69.90 GPa211.00 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.240.29
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
9.077.20
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Ferromagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.01 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.00200,000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
0.86 nΩ·m96.10 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.10 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol15.70 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.17 J/(kg K)0.44 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
28.12 J/mol·K25.10 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
14.50 W/m·K80.40 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
1,802.00 K1,811.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
12.20 µm/(m·K)11.80 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
261.00 kJ/mol351.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.20 kJ/mol14.90 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol414.20 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
73.10 J/mol.K27.30 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻