Europium Terbium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Eu
Tb
Group Number
Not Available
Not Available
Period Number
6
6
Block
f block
f block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7440531
34
7440279
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
229.00
1
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
Not Available
- At times Terbium metal acts same as Calcium.
- Terbium metal closely similar to Lanthanum metal.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Found with Other Rare Earth Metals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Eugène-Anatole Demarçay
Carl Gustaf Mosander
Discovery
In 1896
In 1842
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %
27
5 * 10-8 %
27
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000005 %
27
~0.00000001 %
29
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
36
0.00 %
40
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Europium metals main uses is in the printing of euro banknotes. These notes glow red under UV light.
- It is used in low energy light bulbs.
- Terbium salts are used in optical devices like laser devices.
- Terbium’s alloy lengthens and shortens the magnetic field and this effect forms loudspeaker.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
Physical Properties
Melting Point
822.00 °C
99+
1,356.00 °C
33
Boiling Point
1,597.00 °C
99+
3,123.00 °C
29
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Lustrous
Metallic
Hardness
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
677.00 MPa
17
Vickers Hardness
167.00 MPa
34
863.00 MPa
13
Speed of Sound
Not Available
2,620.00 m/s
35
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Eu
Tb
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
31
8
26
13
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.20
39
Not Available
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.01
22
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Not Available
1.10
30
Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol
99+
603.40 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,085.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,174.80 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,404.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,417.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol
33
4,203.00 kJ/mol
31
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.89 g/amp-hr
33
1.98 g/amp-hr
31
Electron Work Function
2.50 eV
99+
3.00 eV
36
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
63
99+
65
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 6s2
[Xe] 4f9 6s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Terbium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
63
99+
65
99+
Number of Neutrons
89
38
94
36
Number of Electrons
63
99+
65
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm
14
177.00 pm
17
Covalent Radius
198.00 pm
13
194.00 pm
16
Van der Waals Radius
233.00 pm
18
221.00 pm
22
Atomic Weight
151.96 amu
99+
158.93 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
28.90 cm3/mol
8
19.20 cm3/mol
22
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
45.60 (-eV)
35
46.80 (-eV)
33
Lattice Constant
458.10 pm
17
360.10 pm
36
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.58
13
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
5.26 g/cm3
99+
8.23 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.13 g/cm3
99+
7.65 g/cm3
30
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa
15
60.00 MPa
17
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
19.40 (Pa)
4
0.00 (Pa)
29
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
12.50 (Pa)
8
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
7.90 GPa
99+
22.10 GPa
32
Bulk Modulus
8.30 GPa
99+
38.70 GPa
33
Young's Modulus
18.20 GPa
99+
55.70 GPa
34
Poisson Ratio
0.15
34
0.26
21
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
5.24
99+
8.23
39
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
0.90 nΩ·m
99+
1.15 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)
33
0.18 J/(kg K)
33
Molar Heat Capacity
27.66 J/mol·K
16
28.91 J/mol·K
9
Thermal Conductivity
13.90 W/m·K
99+
11.10 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
35.00 µm/(m·K)
8
10.30 µm/(m·K)
38
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
143.50 kJ/mol
99+
330.90 kJ/mol
26
Enthalpy of Fusion
9.21 kJ/mol
37
10.80 kJ/mol
34
Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol
99+
314.00 kJ/mol
33
Standard Molar Entropy
77.80 J/mol.K
4
73.20 J/mol.K
10
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