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Europium vs Dubnium

Europium
Dubnium
Dubnium vs Europium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Eu  
Db  
Group Number
3  
15
5  
13
Period Number
6  
7  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440531  
34
53850354  
14
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
-  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
Europium is used in Euro banknotes for security features.  
  • IUPAC allotted a temporary name to Dubnium metal as “ Unnilpentium”.
  • In the production of Dubnium, thermal gradient chromatography is used.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Produced by Bombarding Am243 with Ne22, Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Eugène-Anatole Demarçay  
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  
Discovery
In 1896  
In 1968  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
27
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
36
-  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Europium metals main uses is in the printing of euro banknotes. These notes glow red under UV light.
  • It is used in low energy light bulbs.
  
  • Currently known uses of Dubnium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
822.00 °C  
99+
-  
Boiling Point
1,597.00 °C  
99+
0.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
-  
Luster
Lustrous  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.00  
17
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
167.00 MPa  
99+
330.00 MPa  
38
Vickers Hardness
167.00 MPa  
99+
400.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
6,320.00 m/s  
4
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.83  
19
1.20  
99+
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
55.00 %  
27
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Eu  
Db  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31  
8
10  
28
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.20  
40
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.01  
99+
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.20  
39
1.10  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.20  
99+
1.30  
40
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.50  
27
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
664.80 kJ/mol  
38
2nd Energy Level
1,085.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,546.70 kJ/mol  
39
3rd Energy Level
2,404.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,378.40 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,298.80 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,471.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,305.20 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,471.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,900.00 kJ/mol  
5
7th Energy level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,280.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,830.00 kJ/mol  
22
11th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
88,300.00 kJ/mol  
2
13th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,760.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
54,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
33,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
54,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
33,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
1,129.00 kJ/mol  
19
18th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
1,094.90 kJ/mol  
18
20th Energy Level
547.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
883.00 kJ/mol  
36
22nd Energy Level
547.00 kJ/mol  
99+
330.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
1,150.00 kJ/mol  
33
24th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
528.30 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
547.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
579.80 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
580.70 kJ/mol  
99+
1,150.00 kJ/mol  
3
29th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
1,094.00 kJ/mol  
5
30th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.89 g/amp-hr  
37
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
Electron Work Function
2.50 eV  
99+
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
63  
99+
105  
13
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 6s2  
[Rn] 5f14 6d3 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
63  
99+
105  
13
Number of Neutrons
89  
39
157  
8
Number of Electrons
63  
99+
105  
13
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm  
16
139.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
198.00 pm  
13
149.00 pm  
37
Van der Waals Radius
233.00 pm  
22
0.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
151.96 amu  
99+
268.00 amu  
10
Atomic Volume
28.90 cm3/mol  
11
22.80 cm3/mol  
17
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Samarium
  
Rutherfordium
  
Next Element
Gadolinium
  
Seaborgium
  
Valence Electron Potential
45.60 (-eV)  
36
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
458.10 pm  
19
-  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
35
1.63  
14
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.26 g/cm3  
99+
29.30 g/cm3  
5
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.13 g/cm3  
99+
29.30 g/cm3  
6
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa  
27
0.10 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
19.40 (Pa)  
4
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
7.90 GPa  
99+
34.00 GPa  
22
Bulk Modulus
8.30 GPa  
99+
39.00 GPa  
39
Young's Modulus
18.20 GPa  
99+
0.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.15  
35
0.39  
5
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.24  
99+
39.00  
3
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
15
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
0.90 nΩ·m  
99+
6.80 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
-  
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)  
34
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
27.66 J/mol·K  
19
29.30 J/mol·K  
11
Thermal Conductivity
13.90 W/m·K  
99+
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,099.00 K  
99+
1,323.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
35.00 µm/(m·K)  
8
13.20 µm/(m·K)  
37
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
143.50 kJ/mol  
99+
289.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
9.21 kJ/mol  
99+
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
-  
Standard Molar Entropy
77.80 J/mol.K  
4
55.00 J/mol.K  
34
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