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Europium vs Einsteinium

Europium
Einsteinium
Einsteinium vs Europium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Eu  
Es  
Group Number
3  
15
13  
5
Period Number
6  
7  
Block
f block  
f block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7440531  
34
7429927  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
-  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
Europium is used in Euro banknotes for security features.  
  • Einsteinium is the transuranic element found in US.
  • Only 0.01 mg of Einsteinium was synthesized in 1961.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Made by Bombarding Uranium with Neutrons  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Eugène-Anatole Demarçay  
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Discovery
In 1896  
In 1952  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
35
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
30
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
36
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Europium metals main uses is in the printing of euro banknotes. These notes glow red under UV light.
  • It is used in low energy light bulbs.
  
  • Currently known uses of Einsteinium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
822.00 °C  
99+
860.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,597.00 °C  
99+
996.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
Lustrous  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.00  
17
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
167.00 MPa  
99+
240.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
167.00 MPa  
99+
550.00 MPa  
31
Speed of Sound
6,320.00 m/s  
4
2,850.00 m/s  
40
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.83  
19
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
63.00 %  
20
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Eu  
Es  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31  
8
16  
23
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.20  
40
1.54  
27
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.01  
99+
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.20  
28
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.20  
39
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.20  
99+
1.30  
40
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.50  
27
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
619.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,085.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,216.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,404.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,334.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,734.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,471.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
40
6th Energy Level
5,471.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
61,900.00 kJ/mol  
12
13th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
39
14th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
28
15th Energy Level
54,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
61,900.00 kJ/mol  
40
16th Energy Level
54,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
61,900.00 kJ/mol  
30
17th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
619.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
619.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
547.00 kJ/mol  
99+
619.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
15
22nd Energy Level
547.00 kJ/mol  
99+
619.00 kJ/mol  
38
23rd Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
15
24th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
619.40 kJ/mol  
40
25th Energy Level
547.00 kJ/mol  
99+
619.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
619.40 kJ/mol  
40
27th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
619.40 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
580.70 kJ/mol  
99+
619.40 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
619.40 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
619.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.89 g/amp-hr  
37
4.74 g/amp-hr  
5
Electron Work Function
2.50 eV  
99+
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
63  
99+
99  
19
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 6s2  
[Rn] 5f11 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Einsteinium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
63  
99+
99  
19
Number of Neutrons
89  
39
153  
10
Number of Electrons
63  
99+
99  
19
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm  
16
186.00 pm  
11
Covalent Radius
198.00 pm  
13
186.00 pm  
21
Van der Waals Radius
233.00 pm  
22
0.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
151.96 amu  
99+
252.00 amu  
16
Atomic Volume
28.90 cm3/mol  
11
17.04 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Samarium
  
Californium
  
Next Element
Gadolinium
  
Fermium
  
Valence Electron Potential
45.60 (-eV)  
36
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
458.10 pm  
19
582.00 pm  
8
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
35
1.29  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.26 g/cm3  
99+
8.84 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.13 g/cm3  
99+
8.84 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa  
27
0.10 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
19.40 (Pa)  
4
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
7.90 GPa  
99+
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
8.30 GPa  
99+
40.00 GPa  
38
Young's Modulus
18.20 GPa  
99+
0.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.15  
35
0.33  
11
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.24  
99+
8.84  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
15
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
0.90 nΩ·m  
99+
6.30 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.14 106/cm Ω  
15
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)  
34
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
27.66 J/mol·K  
19
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
Thermal Conductivity
13.90 W/m·K  
99+
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,099.00 K  
99+
1,133.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
35.00 µm/(m·K)  
8
13.50 µm/(m·K)  
33
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
143.50 kJ/mol  
99+
323.80 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
9.21 kJ/mol  
99+
14.80 kJ/mol  
24
Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
-  
Standard Molar Entropy
77.80 J/mol.K  
4
63.00 J/mol.K  
24
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