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Europium vs Molybdenum

Europium
Molybdenum
Molybdenum vs Europium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Eu  
Mo  
Group Number
3  
15
6  
12
Period Number
6  
5  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440531  
34
7439987  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
Europium is used in Euro banknotes for security features.  
  • Molybdenum is highly reactive metal, hence not found free in nature .
  • Till 18th century Molybdenum element were often mistaken as a carbon or Lead.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Eugène-Anatole Demarçay  
Carl Wilhelm Scheele  
Discovery
In 1896  
In 1778  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
20
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
36
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
9
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Europium metals main uses is in the printing of euro banknotes. These notes glow red under UV light.
  • It is used in low energy light bulbs.
  
  • Its alloys are used to make engine parts, drills, saw blade, etc.
  • Lubricant additive made up of Molybdenum disulfide is commonly used in the industry. It is also used as a catalyst.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.70 p.p.m.  
20
Physical
Melting Point
822.00 °C  
99+
2,617.00 °C  
5
Boiling Point
1,597.00 °C  
99+
4,612.00 °C  
9
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Gray  
Luster
Lustrous  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.00  
17
5.50  
7
Brinell Hardness
167.00 MPa  
99+
1,370.00 MPa  
7
Vickers Hardness
167.00 MPa  
99+
1,400.00 MPa  
11
Speed of Sound
6,320.00 m/s  
4
5,400.00 m/s  
9
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.83  
19
2.00  
15
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
58.00 %  
25
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Eu  
Mo  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31  
8
25  
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.20  
40
2.16  
6
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.01  
99+
1.15  
34
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.20  
39
2.16  
7
Allen Electronegativity
1.20  
99+
2.16  
3
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.50  
27
1.84  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
684.30 kJ/mol  
37
2nd Energy Level
1,085.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,560.00 kJ/mol  
38
3rd Energy Level
2,404.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,618.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,480.00 kJ/mol  
36
5th Energy Level
5,471.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,257.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,471.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,640.80 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,125.00 kJ/mol  
13
8th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13,860.00 kJ/mol  
16
9th Energy Level
5,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15,835.00 kJ/mol  
16
10th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17,980.00 kJ/mol  
18
11th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20,190.00 kJ/mol  
17
12th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22,219.00 kJ/mol  
38
13th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26,930.00 kJ/mol  
13
14th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29,196.00 kJ/mol  
13
15th Energy Level
54,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
52,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
54,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
55,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
61,400.00 kJ/mol  
9
18th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
67,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
19th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
74,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
20th Energy Level
547.00 kJ/mol  
99+
80,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
21st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
87,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
22nd Energy Level
547.00 kJ/mol  
99+
93,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
23rd Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
98,420.00 kJ/mol  
6
24th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
104,400.00 kJ/mol  
2
25th Energy Level
547.00 kJ/mol  
99+
121,900.00 kJ/mol  
1
26th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
127,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
27th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
133,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
28th Energy Level
580.70 kJ/mol  
99+
139,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
29th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
148,100.00 kJ/mol  
1
30th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
154,500.00 kJ/mol  
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.89 g/amp-hr  
37
0.89 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
2.50 eV  
99+
4.60 eV  
17
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
63  
99+
42  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 6s2  
[Kr] 4d5 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
63  
99+
42  
99+
Number of Neutrons
89  
39
54  
99+
Number of Electrons
63  
99+
42  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm  
16
139.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
198.00 pm  
13
154.00 pm  
34
Van der Waals Radius
233.00 pm  
22
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
151.96 amu  
99+
95.95 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
28.90 cm3/mol  
11
9.40 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Samarium
  
Niobium
  
Next Element
Gadolinium
  
Technetium
  
Valence Electron Potential
45.60 (-eV)  
36
88.60 (-eV)  
13
Lattice Constant
458.10 pm  
19
314.70 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
35
1.03  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.26 g/cm3  
99+
10.28 g/cm3  
39
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.13 g/cm3  
99+
9.33 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa  
27
324.00 MPa  
15
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
5
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
19.40 (Pa)  
4
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
27
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
7.90 GPa  
99+
126.00 GPa  
8
Bulk Modulus
8.30 GPa  
99+
230.00 GPa  
6
Young's Modulus
18.20 GPa  
99+
329.00 GPa  
6
Poisson Ratio
0.15  
35
0.31  
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Ductile, Weldable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.24  
99+
10.22  
40
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
9
Susceptibility
0.00  
15
0.00  
29
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
0.90 nΩ·m  
99+
53.40 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.19 106/cm Ω  
11
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
71.90 kJ/mol  
16
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)  
34
0.25 J/(kg K)  
21
Molar Heat Capacity
27.66 J/mol·K  
19
24.06 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
13.90 W/m·K  
99+
138.00 W/m·K  
12
Critical Temperature
1,099.00 K  
99+
2,896.00 K  
6
Thermal Expansion
35.00 µm/(m·K)  
8
4.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
143.50 kJ/mol  
99+
594.10 kJ/mol  
9
Enthalpy of Fusion
9.21 kJ/mol  
99+
27.61 kJ/mol  
5
Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
653.00 kJ/mol  
7
Standard Molar Entropy
77.80 J/mol.K  
4
28.70 J/mol.K  
99+
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