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Fermium Calcium Comparison

Fermium
Calcium
Calcium Fermium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Fm  
Ca  
Group Number
3  
15
2  
16
Period Number
7  
4  
Block
f block  
s block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Alkaline Earth  
CAS Number
7440724  
19
7440702  
21
Space Group Name
-  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Fermium metal is highly radioactive in nature.
  • Fermium is synthetically produced metal.
  
  • Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
  • It is found in the compound state.
  • Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
  
Sources
Bombarding Pu-239 with Neutrons  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Humphry Davy  
Discovery
In 1952  
In 1808  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
35
0.01 %  
4
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.01 %  
4
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
1.10 %  
4
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
5.00 %  
3
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
5
Abundance In Humans
-  
1.40 %  
1
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Fermium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
  • Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3  
4
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
170,000.00 p.p.m.  
1
Physical
Melting Point
1,527.00 °C  
26
839.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
0.00 °C  
99+
1,484.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
-  
Gray  
Luster
-  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
1.75  
18
Brinell Hardness
500.00 MPa  
28
170.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
600.00 MPa  
28
170.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,500.00 m/s  
99+
3,810.00 m/s  
26
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
1.54  
35
Reflectivity
59.00 %  
24
60.00 %  
23
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Fm  
Ca  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
18  
21
19  
20
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.00  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
0.95  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.04  
35
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.08  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.03  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
3.00  
9
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
589.80 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,225.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,145.40 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,363.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,912.40 kJ/mol  
7
4th Energy Level
3,792.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,491.00 kJ/mol  
15
5th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
39
8,153.00 kJ/mol  
11
6th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10,496.00 kJ/mol  
14
7th Energy level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,270.00 kJ/mol  
12
8th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14,206.00 kJ/mol  
15
9th Energy Level
7,040.00 kJ/mol  
33
18,191.00 kJ/mol  
12
10th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20,385.00 kJ/mol  
16
11th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
57,110.00 kJ/mol  
3
12th Energy Level
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
10
63,410.00 kJ/mol  
9
13th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
38
70,110.00 kJ/mol  
3
14th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
27
78,890.00 kJ/mol  
4
15th Energy Level
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
38
86,310.00 kJ/mol  
11
16th Energy Level
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
28
94,000.00 kJ/mol  
6
17th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
104,900.00 kJ/mol  
7
18th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
40
111,711.00 kJ/mol  
8
19th Energy Level
994.80 kJ/mol  
21
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
590.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
345.00 kJ/mol  
99+
590.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
14
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
38
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
40
590.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
39
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
590.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.20 g/amp-hr  
15
0.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.47 eV  
21
2.87 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
100  
18
20  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f12 7s2  
[Ar] 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Not Known  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Fermium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
100  
18
20  
99+
Number of Neutrons
157  
8
20  
99+
Number of Electrons
100  
18
20  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm  
16
197.00 pm  
8
Covalent Radius
180.00 pm  
23
176.00 pm  
24
Van der Waals Radius
245.00 pm  
13
231.00 pm  
23
Atomic Weight
257.00 amu  
15
40.08 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
18.00 cm3/mol  
99+
29.90 cm3/mol  
10
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Einsteinium
  
Potassium
  
Next Element
Mendelevium
  
Scandium
  
Valence Electron Potential
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
29.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
350.00 pm  
99+
558.84 pm  
10
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.63  
13
1.55  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.70 g/cm3  
99+
1.55 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.70 g/cm3  
99+
1.38 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
0.10 MPa  
99+
20.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
6
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
25.50 (Pa)  
3
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
7.40 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
50.00 GPa  
24
17.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
20.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.35  
9
0.31  
13
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.70  
99+
4.58  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
16
0.00 H/m  
9
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
7.90 nΩ·m  
99+
33.60 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.30 106/cm Ω  
6
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2.37 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.63 J/(kg K)  
7
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
25.93 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
201.00 W/m·K  
5
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
1,115.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
22.30 µm/(m·K)  
20
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
319.20 kJ/mol  
99+
150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.30 kJ/mol  
30
8.54 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
-  
184.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
50.00 J/mol.K  
99+
41.60 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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Actinide Series

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