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Fermium vs Calcium

Fermium
Calcium
Calcium vs Fermium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Fm  
Ca  
Group Number
Not Available  
2  
16
Period Number
7  
4  
Block
f block  
s block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Alkaline Earth  
CAS Number
7440724  
19
7440702  
21
Space Group Name
Not Available  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
Not Available  
225.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Fermium metal is highly radioactive in nature.
  • Fermium is synthetically produced metal.
  
  • Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
  • It is found in the compound state.
  • Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
  
Sources
Bombarding Pu-239 with Neutrons  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Humphry Davy  
Discovery
In 1952  
In 1808  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available  
7 * 10-3 %  
3
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %  
~0.007 %  
4
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available  
1.10 %  
4
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available  
5.00 %  
3
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available  
0.00 %  
5
Abundance In Humans
Not Available  
1.40 %  
1
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Fermium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
  • Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
  
Industrial Uses
NA  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
NA  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Unknown  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3  
4
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
170,000.00 p.p.m.  
1
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,527.00 °C  
26
839.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
Not Available  
1,484.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Unknown  
Gray  
Luster
Not Defined  
NA  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available  
1.75  
17
Brinell Hardness
Not Available  
170.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
Not Available  
3,810.00 m/s  
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Fm  
Ca  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
18  
21
19  
20
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
32
1.00  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available  
0.95  
24
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
27
1.04  
34
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available  
1.08  
17
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available  
1.03  
39
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
3.00  
9
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
589.80 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,225.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,145.40 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,363.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,912.40 kJ/mol  
7
4th Energy Level
3,792.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,491.00 kJ/mol  
7
5th Energy Level
Not Available  
8,153.00 kJ/mol  
7
6th Energy Level
Not Available  
10,496.00 kJ/mol  
8
7th Energy level
Not Available  
12,270.00 kJ/mol  
12
8th Energy Level
Not Available  
14,206.00 kJ/mol  
15
9th Energy Level
Not Available  
18,191.00 kJ/mol  
12
10th Energy Level
Not Available  
20,385.00 kJ/mol  
16
11th Energy Level
Not Available  
57,110.00 kJ/mol  
3
12th Energy Level
Not Available  
63,410.00 kJ/mol  
3
13th Energy Level
Not Available  
70,110.00 kJ/mol  
3
14th Energy Level
Not Available  
78,890.00 kJ/mol  
4
15th Energy Level
Not Available  
86,310.00 kJ/mol  
5
16th Energy Level
Not Available  
94,000.00 kJ/mol  
6
17th Energy Level
Not Available  
104,900.00 kJ/mol  
7
18th Energy Level
Not Available  
111,711.00 kJ/mol  
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.20 g/amp-hr  
13
0.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available  
2.87 eV  
38
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
100  
18
20  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f12 7s2  
[Ar] 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Not Known  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Fermium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
100  
18
20  
99+
Number of Neutrons
157  
7
20  
99+
Number of Electrons
100  
18
20  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
Not Available  
197.00 pm  
6
Covalent Radius
Not Available  
176.00 pm  
22
Van der Waals Radius
245.00 pm  
9
231.00 pm  
19
Atomic Weight
257.00 amu  
15
40.08 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
Not Available  
29.90 cm3/mol  
7
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Einsteinium
  
Potassium
  
Next Element
Mendelevium
  
Scandium
  
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available  
29.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
Not Available  
558.84 pm  
9
Lattice Angles
NA  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
Not Available  
1.55 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available  
1.38 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available  
25.50 (Pa)  
3
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available  
7.40 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
Not Available  
17.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
Not Available  
20.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available  
0.31  
13
Other Mechanical Properties
NA  
NA  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
Not Available  
4.58  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Unknown  
Diamagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Unknown  
Conductor  
Resistivity
Not Available  
33.60 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available  
0.30 106/cm Ω  
6
Electron Affinity
Not Available  
2.37 kJ/mol  
39
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available  
0.63 J/(kg K)  
7
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available  
25.93 J/mol·K  
34
Thermal Conductivity
Not Available  
201.00 W/m·K  
5
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
Not Available  
22.30 µm/(m·K)  
19
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available  
150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available  
8.54 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available  
184.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available  
41.60 J/mol.K  
36
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