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Fermium vs Copper

Fermium
Copper
Copper vs Fermium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Fm  
Cu  
Group Number
3  
15
11  
7
Period Number
7  
4  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440724  
19
7440508  
37
Space Group Name
-  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Fermium metal is highly radioactive in nature.
  • Fermium is synthetically produced metal.
  
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
Sources
Bombarding Pu-239 with Neutrons  
Found in Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
-  
Discovery
In 1952  
In Middle East (9000 BCE)  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
35
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
12
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
17
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
8
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
10
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Fermium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
8
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
26.00 p.p.m.  
12
Physical
Melting Point
1,527.00 °C  
26
1,084.62 °C  
40
Boiling Point
0.00 °C  
99+
2,562.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
-  
Copper  
Luster
-  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
3.00  
13
Brinell Hardness
500.00 MPa  
28
235.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
600.00 MPa  
28
343.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,500.00 m/s  
99+
3,810.00 m/s  
26
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
1.10  
99+
Reflectivity
59.00 %  
24
90.00 %  
4
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Fm  
Cu  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
18  
21
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.90  
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.98  
11
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.75  
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.49  
27
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.85  
12
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
2.10  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
22
2nd Energy Level
1,225.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,957.90 kJ/mol  
15
3rd Energy Level
2,363.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,555.00 kJ/mol  
15
4th Energy Level
3,792.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,536.00 kJ/mol  
21
5th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
39
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
6th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9,900.00 kJ/mol  
16
7th Energy level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
8th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
9th Energy Level
7,040.00 kJ/mol  
33
19,200.00 kJ/mol  
9
10th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
11th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25,600.00 kJ/mol  
13
12th Energy Level
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
10
35,600.00 kJ/mol  
27
13th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
38
38,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
14th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
27
42,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
15th Energy Level
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
38
46,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
28
50,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
53,700.00 kJ/mol  
12
18th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
40
61,100.00 kJ/mol  
10
19th Energy Level
994.80 kJ/mol  
21
64,702.00 kJ/mol  
11
20th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
163,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
21st Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
174,100.00 kJ/mol  
2
22nd Energy Level
345.00 kJ/mol  
99+
184,900.00 kJ/mol  
1
23rd Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
14
198,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
24th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
38
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
25th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
40
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
26th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
39
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
27th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
18
28th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
24
29th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
25
30th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.20 g/amp-hr  
15
1.19 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.47 eV  
21
4.65 eV  
16
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
100  
18
29  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f12 7s2  
[Ar] 3d10 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Not Known  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Fermium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
100  
18
29  
99+
Number of Neutrons
157  
8
35  
99+
Number of Electrons
100  
18
29  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm  
16
128.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
180.00 pm  
23
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
245.00 pm  
13
140.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
257.00 amu  
15
63.55 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
18.00 cm3/mol  
99+
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Einsteinium
  
Nickel
  
Next Element
Mendelevium
  
Zinc
  
Valence Electron Potential
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
34.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
350.00 pm  
99+
361.49 pm  
39
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.63  
13
1.28  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.70 g/cm3  
99+
8.96 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.70 g/cm3  
99+
8.02 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
0.10 MPa  
99+
210.00 MPa  
19
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
1.53 (Pa)  
8
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
48.00 GPa  
15
Bulk Modulus
50.00 GPa  
24
140.00 GPa  
12
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
120.00 GPa  
19
Poisson Ratio
0.35  
9
0.34  
10
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.70  
99+
8.89  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
16
0.00 H/m  
19
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
31
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
7.90 nΩ·m  
99+
16.78 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.60 106/cm Ω  
2
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.38 J/(kg K)  
15
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
24.44 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
401.00 W/m·K  
2
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
1,358.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
16.50 µm/(m·K)  
27
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
319.20 kJ/mol  
99+
283.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.30 kJ/mol  
30
7.11 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
-  
338.90 kJ/mol  
39
Standard Molar Entropy
50.00 J/mol.K  
99+
33.20 J/mol.K  
99+
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