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Copper vs Berkelium

Copper
Berkelium
Berkelium vs Copper


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cu  
Bk  
Group Number
11  
7
14  
4
Period Number
4  
7  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7440508  
37
7440406  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
  • X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
    Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals  
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Discovery
In Middle East (9000 BCE)  
In 1949  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
13
0.00 %  
36
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
12
0.00 %  
30
Abundance In Meteorites
0.01 %  
13
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
17
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
8
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
10
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
  • This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery  
-  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
8
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
26.00 p.p.m.  
12
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,084.62 °C  
40
986.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,562.00 °C  
99+
2,627.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Copper  
Silver  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00  
13
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
235.00 MPa  
99+
260.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
343.00 MPa  
99+
1,070.00 MPa  
16
Speed of Sound
3,810.00 m/s  
26
2,560.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.10  
99+
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
90.00 %  
4
61.00 %  
22
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cu  
Bk  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29  
10
14  
25
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90  
12
1.30  
33
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.98  
11
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.75  
4
1.20  
28
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.49  
27
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.85  
12
2.70  
1
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10  
99+
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
22
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,957.90 kJ/mol  
15
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,555.00 kJ/mol  
15
2,152.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
5,536.00 kJ/mol  
21
3,434.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
9,900.00 kJ/mol  
16
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
13,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
16,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
19,200.00 kJ/mol  
9
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
22,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
25,600.00 kJ/mol  
13
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
35,600.00 kJ/mol  
27
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
16
13th Energy Level
38,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
42,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
32
15th Energy Level
46,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
50,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
33
17th Energy Level
53,700.00 kJ/mol  
12
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
61,100.00 kJ/mol  
10
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
64,702.00 kJ/mol  
11
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
163,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
174,100.00 kJ/mol  
2
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
18
22nd Energy Level
184,900.00 kJ/mol  
1
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
198,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
19
24th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
18
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
24
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
25
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.19 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.07 g/amp-hr  
19
Electron Work Function
4.65 eV  
16
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
29  
99+
97  
21
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s1  
[Rn] 5f9 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100  
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Berkelium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
29  
99+
97  
21
Number of Neutrons
35  
99+
150  
12
Number of Electrons
29  
99+
97  
21
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
170.00 pm  
24
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm  
99+
170.00 pm  
27
Van der Waals Radius
140.00 pm  
99+
244.00 pm  
14
Atomic Weight
63.55 amu  
99+
247.00 amu  
18
Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
13.39 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Nickel
  
Curium
  
Next Element
Zinc
  
Californium
  
Valence Electron Potential
34.00 (-eV)  
99+
45.50 (-eV)  
37
Lattice Constant
361.49 pm  
39
341.60 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.28  
99+
1.57  
38
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.96 g/cm3  
99+
14.78 g/cm3  
23
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.02 g/cm3  
99+
13.25 g/cm3  
29
Tensile Strength
210.00 MPa  
19
70.00 MPa  
31
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.53 (Pa)  
8
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
48.00 GPa  
15
27.00 GPa  
34
Bulk Modulus
140.00 GPa  
12
13.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
120.00 GPa  
19
13.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.34  
10
0.35  
9
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.89  
99+
14.00  
25
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
19
0.00 H/m  
13
Susceptibility
0.00  
31
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
16.78 nΩ·m  
99+
7.60 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.60 106/cm Ω  
2
0.10 106/cm Ω  
25
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.38 J/(kg K)  
15
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
24.44 J/mol·K  
99+
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
Thermal Conductivity
401.00 W/m·K  
2
10.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,358.00 K  
99+
1,323.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
16.50 µm/(m·K)  
27
13.25 µm/(m·K)  
36
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
283.70 kJ/mol  
99+
380.00 kJ/mol  
27
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.11 kJ/mol  
99+
13.25 kJ/mol  
31
Enthalpy of Atomization
338.90 kJ/mol  
39
601.00 kJ/mol  
11
Standard Molar Entropy
33.20 J/mol.K  
99+
52.00 J/mol.K  
37
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