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Fermium vs Scandium

Fermium
Scandium
Scandium vs Fermium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Fm  
Sc  
Group Number
3  
15
3  
15
Period Number
7  
4  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440724  
19
7440202  
99+
Space Group Name
-  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Fermium metal is highly radioactive in nature.
  • Fermium is synthetically produced metal.
  
  • Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
  • Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
  
Sources
Bombarding Pu-239 with Neutrons  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Lars Fredrik Nilson  
Discovery
In 1952  
In 1879  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
35
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
32
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Fermium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
  • Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
22
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
39
Physical
Melting Point
1,527.00 °C  
26
1,539.00 °C  
24
Boiling Point
0.00 °C  
99+
2,832.00 °C  
36
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
-  
Silvery White  
Luster
-  
Lustrous  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
5.50  
7
Brinell Hardness
500.00 MPa  
28
750.00 MPa  
13
Vickers Hardness
600.00 MPa  
28
1,200.00 MPa  
13
Speed of Sound
2,500.00 m/s  
99+
6,100.00 m/s  
5
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
1.80  
21
Reflectivity
59.00 %  
24
93.00 %  
3
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Fm  
Sc  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
18  
21
13  
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.36  
30
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.02  
40
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.20  
28
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.36  
31
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.19  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
2.64  
25
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,225.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,235.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,363.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,388.60 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,792.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,090.60 kJ/mol  
13
5th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
39
8,843.00 kJ/mol  
7
6th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10,679.00 kJ/mol  
13
7th Energy level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13,310.00 kJ/mol  
8
8th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15,250.00 kJ/mol  
11
9th Energy Level
7,040.00 kJ/mol  
33
17,370.00 kJ/mol  
14
10th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21,726.00 kJ/mol  
13
11th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24,102.00 kJ/mol  
16
12th Energy Level
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
10
66,320.00 kJ/mol  
7
13th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
38
73,010.00 kJ/mol  
2
14th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
27
80,160.00 kJ/mol  
3
15th Energy Level
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
38
89,490.00 kJ/mol  
6
16th Energy Level
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
28
97,400.00 kJ/mol  
5
17th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
105,600.00 kJ/mol  
6
18th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
40
117,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
19th Energy Level
994.80 kJ/mol  
21
124,270.00 kJ/mol  
8
20th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
633.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
345.00 kJ/mol  
99+
633.00 kJ/mol  
35
23rd Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
14
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
38
633.10 kJ/mol  
37
25th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
40
633.00 kJ/mol  
39
26th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
39
633.10 kJ/mol  
38
27th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
633.10 kJ/mol  
40
28th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
633.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.20 g/amp-hr  
15
0.56 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.47 eV  
21
3.50 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
100  
18
21  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f12 7s2  
[Ar] 3d1 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Not Known  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Fermium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
100  
18
21  
99+
Number of Neutrons
157  
8
24  
99+
Number of Electrons
100  
18
21  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm  
16
162.00 pm  
28
Covalent Radius
180.00 pm  
23
170.00 pm  
27
Van der Waals Radius
245.00 pm  
13
211.00 pm  
32
Atomic Weight
257.00 amu  
15
44.96 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
18.00 cm3/mol  
99+
15.00 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Einsteinium
  
Calcium
  
Next Element
Mendelevium
  
Titanium
  
Valence Electron Potential
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
58.00 (-eV)  
25
Lattice Constant
350.00 pm  
99+
330.90 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.63  
13
1.59  
24
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.70 g/cm3  
99+
2.99 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.70 g/cm3  
99+
2.80 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
0.10 MPa  
99+
150.00 MPa  
25
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
91.30 (Pa)  
3
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
29.10 GPa  
28
Bulk Modulus
50.00 GPa  
24
56.60 GPa  
22
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
74.40 GPa  
28
Poisson Ratio
0.35  
9
0.28  
18
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.70  
99+
2.99  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
16
0.00 H/m  
8
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
7.90 nΩ·m  
99+
562.00 nΩ·m  
10
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18.10 kJ/mol  
39
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.60 J/(kg K)  
8
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
25.52 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
15.80 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
1,814.00 K  
28
Thermal Expansion
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
10.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
319.20 kJ/mol  
99+
314.20 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.30 kJ/mol  
30
14.10 kJ/mol  
29
Enthalpy of Atomization
-  
343.00 kJ/mol  
38
Standard Molar Entropy
50.00 J/mol.K  
99+
34.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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